{"id":44,"date":"2016-06-20T16:34:14","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T21:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/?page_id=44"},"modified":"2026-02-17T08:16:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T14:16:18","slug":"data","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/data\/","title":{"rendered":"Country Data"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This section is a source of data for many countries and many variables. The Center takes pride in being the first to provide data on <strong>Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates<\/strong> for almost all developing countries. A hard copy of the data and method of construction could be obtained from the following sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ls-no-bullet\">\n<li>Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Mirzaie, &#8220;Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates for Developing Countries: 1971:1-1997:3&#8221;, <em>Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 32 (2000), pp. 411-428.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bahmani-Oskooee, M., &#8220;Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rates of Middle Eastern Countries and their Trade Performance&#8221;, <em>Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 33 (2001), pp. 103-111.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Gelan, &#8220;Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates for African Countries: 1971: I-2004: III&#8221;, <em>Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 39, Issue 8, May (2007), pp. 961-979.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and M. Kandil, &#8220;Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates in MENA Countries: 1970-2004&#8221;, <em>Applied Economics<\/em>, forthcoming.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and H. Harvey, &#8220;Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates for LDCs : 1971I-2004IV&#8221;, <em>International Trade Journal<\/em>, forthcoming.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading size-h3\" id=\"h-for-data-on-different-variables-please-see-the-following-sources\">For data on different variables, please see the following sources:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ls-no-bullet\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bea.gov\/scb\/\">Survey of Current Business<\/a> is a major source of data on macro variables for the United States.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/\">Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/a> has information on the U.S. labor market.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treasurydirect.gov\/government\/public-debt-reports\/\">U.S. Public Debt<\/a> is a major source for the U.S. public debt and related issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading size-h3\" id=\"h-most-data-on-macro-variables-for-most-countries-are-published-by-four-international-organizations\">Most data on macro variables for most countries are published by four international organizations:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ls-no-bullet\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unicc.org\/\">United Nations International Computing Center<\/a>,UNICC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/\">World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/\">International Monetary Fund<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/\">World Trade Organization<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pacific-Basin Capital Markets Research Centers at the University of Rhode Island provides data on financial markets of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/pwt.econ.upenn.edu\/\">Center for International Comparisons<\/a> at the University of Pennsylvania provides data for close to 100 countries (Penn World Table). The macro variables include, prices, output, productivity, capital stocks, real exchange rates, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading size-h3\" id=\"h-other-links\">Other Links:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list ls-no-bullet\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trade.gov\/cs\/\">Country Commercial Guides<\/a>: The most recent commercial guides for more than 100 countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/www\/issues\/economic\/trade_reports\/\">Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices<\/a> is an annual online publication by the State Department that covers more than 100 countries and their exchange rate policies, barriers to U.S. exports and investment, protection of intellectual property rights, workers&#8217; rights, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ustr.gov\/\">Office of the United States Trade Representative<\/a>: Information about tariffs, other barriers that affects goods, services, and investment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cid.harvard.edu\/cidtrade\/\">Global Trade Negotiations<\/a> at Harvard University provides a centralized information resource on global trade negotiations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This section is a source of data for many countries and many variables. The Center takes pride in being the first to provide data on Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates for almost all developing countries. A hard copy of &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"class_list":["post-44","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Country Data - Center for Research on International Economics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Country Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This section is a source of data for many countries and many variables. 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