{"id":411,"date":"2016-07-27T14:17:39","date_gmt":"2016-07-27T19:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/?page_id=411"},"modified":"2026-02-11T14:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T20:11:21","slug":"iran-and-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/country-specific-research\/iran-and-middle-east\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran and Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. Mohtadi, H., “Industrialization and Urban Inequality in LDCs: A Theoretical Analysis with Evidence from Pre-Revolutionary Iran,” Journal of Developing Areas<\/em>, October 1987, pp. 41-58.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Mohtadi, H., “Rural Inequality as Determinant of Push vs. Pull Migration in Iran: 1956-1976,” World Developmen<\/em>t, 1990, pp. 837-844.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Bahmani-Oskooe, M., “Black Market Exchange Rates vs. Official Exchange Rates in Testing PPP: An Examination of the Iranian Rial,” Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 25 (April 1993), pp. 465-472.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “Source of Inflation in Post Revolutionary Iran,” International Economic Journal<\/em>, Vol. 9 (Summer 1995), pp. 61-72.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “The Decline of Iranian Rial During Post Revolutionary Period: The Monetary Approach and Johansen’s Cointegrationn Analysis,” Canadian Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 16 , No. 2, 1995, pp. 275-289.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “Johansen’s Cointegration Technique and the Long-Run Relation Between Iranian Imports and Exports,” The Middle East Business and Economic Review<\/em>, Vol. 7 (June 1995), pp. 1-9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “The Black Market Exchange Rate and Demand for Money in Iran,” Journal of Macroeconomics<\/em>, Vol. 18 (Winter 1996), pp. 171-176.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “Source of Stagflation in an Oil Exporting Country: Evidence from Iran,” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics<\/em>, Vol. 18 (Summer 1996), pp. 609-620.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “The Decline of Iranian Rial During Postrevolutionary Period: Productivity Approach,” Journal of Developing Areas<\/em>, Vol. 30 (July 1996), pp. 477-492.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and R. Shiva, “A Method of Detecting Whether a Central Bank Engages in the Black Market for Foreign Exchange: Evidence from Iran,” Economic Letter<\/em>s, Vol. 60 (July 1998), pp. 97-103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “The Long-Run Relation Between a Black market Exchange Rate and the Trade Balance: Evidence from Iran,” Journal of Economic Studies<\/em>, Vol. 26 (1999), pp. 121-129.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “Does Black Market Exchange Rate Volatility Deter the Trade Flows? Iranian Experience”, Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 34 (Dec. 2002), pp. 2249-2255.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., “Decline of Iranian Rial and Its Macroeconomics Consequences”, Iranian Economic Review<\/em>, Vol. 8 (Spring 2003), pp. 1-21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. “History of the Rial and Foreign Exchange Policy in Iran,” Iranian Economic Review<\/em>, Vol. 10 (2005), pp. 1-20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and M. Kandil, “Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates in MENA Countries: 1970-2004”, Applied Economics, Vol. 39 (November 2007), pp. 2489-2501.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and M. Kandil, “Are Devaluations Contractionary in MENA Countries”, Applied Economics<\/em>, Vol. 41 (2009), pp. 139-150.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and M. Kandil, “Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Output in Oil Producing Countries: The Case of Iran”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade<\/em>, Vol. 46 (2010), pp. 23-45.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Amr Hosny. \u201cThe S-Curve Dynamics of Trade between Egypt and her Two Largest Partners\u201d, International Journal of Trade and Global Markets<\/em>, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2012), pp. 142-152.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Hosny, \u201cEgypt-EU Commodity Trade and the J-Curve\u201d, International Journal of Monetary and Financial Economics<\/em>, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2012), pp. 192-209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and S. Bahmani, \u201cExchange Rate Volatility and the demand for Money in Iran\u201d, International Journal of Monetary and Financial Economics<\/em>, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2012), pp. 268-276.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., S. Huseynov and R. Jamilov, “Is there a J-Curve for Azerbaijan? New Evidence from Industry-Level Analysis”, Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Economies<\/em>, Vol. 7 (2014), pp. 83-98.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and R. Jamilov, “Export Diversification and the S-Curve Effect in a Resource-Rich State: Evidence from Azerbaijan”, Economic Change and Restructuring<\/em>, Vol. 47 (2014), pp. 135-154.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Hosny, “Price and Income Elasticities: Evidence from Commodity Trade between the U.S. and Egypt”, International Economics and Economic Policy<\/em>, Vol. 14 (2014), pp. 561-574.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., S. Hegerty, and A. Hosny, ” \u201cExchange-Rate Volatility and Commodity Trade Between the E.U. and Egypt: Evidence From 59 Industries\u201d, Empirica: Journal of European Economics<\/em>, Vol. 42 (2015), pp. 109-129.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Hosny, “Commodity Trade between EU and Egypt and Orcutt\u2019s Hypothesis\u201d, Empirica: Journal of European Economics<\/em>, Vol. 42 (2015), pp 1-24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and S. Bahmani, “Nonlinear ARDL Approach and the Demand for Money in Iran”, Economics Bulletin<\/em>, Volume 35 (2015), Issue 1, pp. 381-391.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., S. Hegerty, and A. Hosny, \u201cThe Effects of Exchange-Rate Volatility on Industry Trade between the U.S. and Egypt\u201d, Economic Change and Restructuring<\/em>, Vol. 48 (2015, issue 2), pp. 93-117.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., T. Chang, S-C Cheng, and T-P Wu, \u201cRevisiting Purchasing Power Parity in Major Oil-exporting Countries\u201d, Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Markets<\/em>, Vol. 8 (2015, No. 1-3), pp. 108-116.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and A. Hosny, \u201cOrcutt\u2019s Hypothesis Revisited: Evidence from Commodity Prices\u201d, International Journal of Public Policy<\/em>, Vol. 11 (2015), pp. 152-168.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":38,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"class_list":["post-411","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nIran and Middle East - Center for Research on International Economics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/country-specific-research\/iran-and-middle-east\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iran and Middle East\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/research-international-economics\/country-specific-research\/iran-and-middle-east\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Research on International Economics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-11T20:11:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/research-international-economics\\\/country-specific-research\\\/iran-and-middle-east\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/research-international-economics\\\/country-specific-research\\\/iran-and-middle-east\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iran and Middle East - 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