{"id":9416,"date":"2013-11-06T09:30:15","date_gmt":"2013-11-06T15:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=9416"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:01:39","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:01:39","slug":"uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/","title":{"rendered":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
The 51ÁÔÆæ team, part of the eight-member STC, includes Abbas Ourmazd, Distinguished Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering; Dilano Saldin, Distinguished Professor of Physics; Marius Schmidt, associate professor of physics; and senior scientists Peter Schwander and Russell Fung. The computer cluster they will use to analyze terabytes of data during the five-year project is around them. (Photo by Troye Fox<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (51ÁÔÆæ) and partners at seven leading U.S. research institutions have landed a highly competitive $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to conduct work that could transform the way scientists study diseases and find new treatments.<\/p>\n

The funding establishes an NSF Science and Technology Center (STC) that will use powerful X-ray lasers to reveal the structure of proteins and viruses, and the way they work. STCs are considered one of the most prestigious NSF awards, and only three were awarded in this four-year cycle.<\/p>\n

The University at Buffalo is the lead institution, with 51ÁÔÆæ and Arizona State University playing key roles. Other partner institutions are Cornell University; Rice University; Stanford University; the University of California, Davis; and the University of California, San Francisco.<\/p>\n

Next-generation crystallography<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proteins are behind nearly everything that happens in our bodies, and malfunctioning proteins are often the cause of disease, making them a prime target for therapeutic drugs. But drug discovery is often a process of trial and error.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s because for many proteins, one important piece of information is missing: their structure \u2013 how their atoms are arranged. And structure reveals function.<\/p>\n

The award will allow 51ÁÔÆæ and partners to build on their pioneering work in determining the structure and function of proteins not amenable to existing techniques.<\/p>\n

\n
More important than finding the structure of proteins individually, the team wants to determine how they operate within the organism.<\/em><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n

The most widely used method of imaging biological molecules currently involves forming a pure crystal and bombarding it with X-rays. The pattern of rays as they diffract off the sample reveals a kind of fingerprint of the atoms in the molecule. A mathematical computation uses this to deduce the locations of the atoms.<\/p>\n

Fewer than 20 percent of proteins currently form crystals large enough for this crystallography technique, including the majority of proteins in the outer wall of cells.<\/p>\n

\u201cCell membrane proteins control the flow of information and material into and out of cells,\u201d says Abbas Ourmazd, Distinguished Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering, who leads the 51ÁÔÆæ team. \u201cBut they are notoriously difficult to crystallize \u2013 if it can be done at all, it takes a very long time.\u201d<\/p>\n

What small crystals can do<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Click the image to watch a video on how the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is used for x-ray imaging. Also see an animation on the LCLS XFEL here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The first is an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), which produces X-ray light more than a billion times brighter than any made by existing equipment. Of the three that exist, the closest is at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California.In their quest to image single proteins and viruses, researchers in the STC will rely on two secret weapons \u2013 one of which was developed at 51ÁÔÆæ.<\/p>\n

It means crystallography can now be done with protein crystals a thousand times smaller than before \u2013 even those at the nanoscale. Since smaller crystals are much easier to form, it opens the door for seeing a vast array of proteins not amenable to standard approaches.<\/p>\n

Beyond crystals<\/strong><\/p>\n

Imaging with the XFEL can take advantage of the intensity and unimaginably short flashes of light to produce snapshots of even a single tumbling protein molecule.<\/p>\n

The process is then repeated over and over with other single proteins of the same kind, producing terabytes of data related to the millions of X-ray diffraction snapshots, each from a different unknown angle.<\/p>\n

The team\u2019s second trump card is a tool to analyze the mountains of data. Developed by Ourmazd, Schwander, 51ÁÔÆæ Distinguished Professor of Physics Dilano Saldin, Senior Scientist Russell Fung and 51ÁÔÆæ engineers Roshan D\u2019Souza and Ali Dashti, such algorithms mine huge amounts of data to piece together a 3D image of the molecule.<\/p>\n

\u201cImaging with this new kind of X-ray scattering can speed the process of determining protein structures from years to only days,\u201d says Ourmazd. \u201cPart of the reason can be attributed to the mathematical procedure we have developed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Proteins in action<\/strong><\/p>\n

The brightness of an XFEL flash may also allow scientists to \u201csee\u201d protein molecules in action for the first time. The idea is to capture a series of images over time, displaying the structural rearrangement taking place as a protein carries out a task.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe hope to see, and perhaps even make movies of, ribosomes tapping out proteins in a cell, and photosynthesis in a plant,\u201d says Ourmazd. \u201cMore important than finding the structure of proteins individually, we want to determine how they operate within the organism.\u201d<\/p>\n

Performing a \u201cpump-and-probe\u201d experiment, Associate Professor Marius Schmidt, the 51ÁÔÆæ team\u2019s only experimentalist, will use a synchronized laser that emits visible light to stimulate a photo-reactive protein, followed by the X-ray pulse of the XFEL, which probes the progress of the protein during the reaction.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we shoot larger crystals with the laser there are not enough photons to get the excitation [structural change] going,\u201d says Schmidt. \u201cThat\u2019s the nanocrystal advantage.\u201d<\/p>\n

Very small crystals contain fewer molecules, requiring fewer photons to prompt the changes.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cThe next part of the story is even cooler,\u201d he says. \u201cIt\u2019s possible that with this improved imaging method, we won\u2019t need crystals at all.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond pictures<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\u00a0The 51ÁÔÆæ team has developed algorithms that mine huge amounts of imaging data to piece together a 3D view of molecules.<\/em><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n

While Ourmazd\u2019s work deals primarily with single proteins, Saldin\u2019s research focuses on determining the structure of proteins from multiple copies randomly oriented in solution, which is closer to their state in a living organism.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe theoretical team is developing techniques that may ultimately allow us to break the shackles of crystallography, using the XFEL,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Not only that, but his work with Schmidt aims to follow fast structural changes of proteins in solution, such as in the ubiquitous phenomenon of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n

For this work, the XFEL can do the job, he believes, because the flashes of light it produces are so short, they can capture the equally lightning-quick molecular changes happening in a group of proteins.<\/p>\n

Creating molecular movies and imaging proteins without crystals is still a long way off, says Ourmazd. \u201cBut the STC award demonstrates the tremendous potential of the proposed approaches for solving key problems in the life and energy sciences.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[140,139],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[158,161],"class_list":["post-9416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-science","section-science-technology","uwmnews-feed-letters-science","uwmnews-feed-hard-science"],"yoast_head":"\n51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laura Otto\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@51ÁÔÆæNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@51ÁÔÆæNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laura Otto\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laura Otto\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2f360a26f3df4ff8f31b58e43d772565\"},\"headline\":\"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1134,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/\",\"name\":\"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT\",\"description\":\"News from the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg\",\"width\":225,\"height\":224,\"caption\":\"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/51ÁÔÆæNews\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2f360a26f3df4ff8f31b58e43d772565\",\"name\":\"Laura Otto\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/author\\\/llhuntuwm-edu\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers","description":"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers","og_description":"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.","og_url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/","og_site_name":"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT","article_published_time":"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Laura Otto","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@51ÁÔÆæNews","twitter_site":"@51ÁÔÆæNews","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Laura Otto","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/"},"author":{"name":"Laura Otto","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/2f360a26f3df4ff8f31b58e43d772565"},"headline":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers","datePublished":"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00","dateModified":"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/"},"wordCount":1134,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg","articleSection":["News","Research"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/","name":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg","datePublished":"2013-11-06T15:30:15+00:00","dateModified":"2015-11-12T14:01:39+00:00","description":"51ÁÔÆæ and partner institutions have landed a $25 million grant from the National Science Foundation to conduct work that could transform the study of diseases.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2013\/11\/STC_j-2ck2rt4.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-and-partners-awarded-25-million-to-image-proteins-with-x-ray-lasers\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"51ÁÔÆæ and partners awarded $25 million to image proteins with X-ray lasers"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/","name":"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT","description":"News from the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization","name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2017\/02\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2017\/02\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg","width":225,"height":224,"caption":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/51ÁÔÆæNews"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/2f360a26f3df4ff8f31b58e43d772565","name":"Laura Otto","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/author\/llhuntuwm-edu\/"}]}},"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-26 13:30:16","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/836"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9416"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22123,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9416\/revisions\/22123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9416"},{"taxonomy":"section","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/section?post=9416"},{"taxonomy":"display_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/display_categories?post=9416"},{"taxonomy":"related-coverage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/related-coverage?post=9416"},{"taxonomy":"uwmnews-feed","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/uwmnews-feed?post=9416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}