{"id":83355,"date":"2020-05-29T09:36:55","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T14:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=83355"},"modified":"2021-10-11T13:00:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-11T18:00:51","slug":"uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\/","title":{"rendered":"51ÁÔÆæ researcher finds stronger answer to \u2018Tully monster\u2019 mystery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fossil remains have helped paleontologists to determine that an extinct animal colloquially known as a Tully monster was one weird-looking organism. Soft-bodied and aquatic, it had a long proboscis, similar to an elephant\u2019s trunk, extending from its body that ended in a toothed mouth resembling a crab claw. Its eyes were set on the ends of a slim, rigid bar.<\/p>\n<p>The organism, Tullimonstrum, is so bizarre it has defied classification.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists haven\u2019t been able to agree on whether the Tully monster, which lived in shallow coastal waters 300 million years ago, was a vertebrate. While that term usually refers to an animal with a spine, there are a few vertebrates that do not have any bones, said paleontologist Victoria McCoy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_83359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83359\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83359\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/McCoy250x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Victoria McCoy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Establishing the Tully monster\u2019s biological classification would prove whether it was a jawless fish \u2013 similar to a lamprey \u2013 or more like a large worm.<\/p>\n<p>Now, McCoy, a 51ÁÔÆæ visiting assistant professor of geosciences, and collaborator Jasmina Wiemann at Yale University have found a way to extract telltale molecular information contained in the fossils that distinguishes between vertebrates and invertebrates.<\/p>\n<p>The composition of structural tissues, such as cartilage, that give shape to a body is distinct in the two groups.<\/p>\n<p>Invertebrates have structural tissues that contain mostly chitin, a fibrous substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of insects. But vertebrates\u2019 tissues are comprised of primarily of protein.<\/p>\n<p>McCoy and Wiemann used Raman microspectroscopy to identify the components of this tissue that partially decomposed before the fossil formed. This technique measures the energy in a microscopic sample \u2013 including the energy\u2019s respective wavelength \u2013 which serves as a chemical signature. They analyzed brown stains on the fossils where the color told them minute amounts of organic material remained.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_83362\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83362\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/tully.fossil.2-750x500-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83362 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/tully.fossil.2-750x500-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/tully.fossil.2-750x500-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/tully.fossil.2-750x500-1.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83362\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The body of the animal is curled in this labeled image of a fossil. The animal\u2019s &#8220;trunk,&#8221; called a proboscis, and the toothy claw at the end are visible. (Click on photo for larger image) (Paul Mayer, The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In addition to the Tully monster fossils, the researchers conducted the molecular analysis on a variety of other fossils found at the same site, including invertebrates like worms, arthropods and mollusks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe looked at many different tissues in the Tully monster, and all of them had a chemical fingerprint of fossil proteins, and none had a chemical fingerprint of fossil chitin,\u201d McCoy said. \u201cNow we have a much stronger argument in favor of a vertebrate affinity than the previous morphological arguments.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The vertebrate\/invertebrate debate has raged since the fossils first turned up at a well-known fossil bed 50 miles southwest of Chicago in 1958.<\/p>\n<p>Previous arguments for either side have been based on morphology \u2013 the animal\u2019s appearance, said McCoy.<\/p>\n<p>As a graduate student, McCoy herself was part of a group that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature16992\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">published a paper in Nature<\/a> in 2016\u00a0arguing that the creature was a vertebrate based on a study of its physical features.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe morphology is so strange and difficult to interpret that I didn&#8217;t think studying that in more detail would resolve the question,\u201d she said. \u201cSo I wanted to come back and study it from a different angle.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The research was recently <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/gbi.12397\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">published in the journal Geobiology<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tullimonstrum is so peculiar that paleontologists haven\u2019t been able to agree on whether it was an invertebrate or not. Now, Victoria McCoy has found strong clues to provide that answer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":83358,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[139],"display_categories":[115,116],"related-coverage":[338],"uwmnews-feed":[158,161],"class_list":["post-83355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-science-technology","display_categories-top-story-secondary","display_categories-top-story-section","related-coverage-research","uwmnews-feed-letters-science","uwmnews-feed-hard-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>51ÁÔÆæ researcher finds stronger answer to \u2018Tully monster\u2019 mystery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tullimonstrum is so peculiar that paleontologists haven\u2019t been able to agree on whether it was an invertebrate or not. Now, Victoria McCoy has found strong clues to provide that answer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ researcher finds stronger answer to \u2018Tully monster\u2019 mystery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tullimonstrum is so peculiar that paleontologists haven\u2019t been able to agree on whether it was an invertebrate or not. Now, Victoria McCoy has found strong clues to provide that answer.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-29T14:36:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-11T18:00:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/05\/Tully.illustration750x500.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laura Otto\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@51ÁÔÆæNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@51ÁÔÆæNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laura Otto\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laura Otto\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2f360a26f3df4ff8f31b58e43d772565\"},\"headline\":\"51ÁÔÆæ researcher finds stronger answer to \u2018Tully monster\u2019 mystery\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-29T14:36:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-11T18:00:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":555,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Tully.illustration750x500.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/\",\"name\":\"51ÁÔÆæ researcher finds stronger answer to \u2018Tully monster\u2019 mystery\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/uwm-researcher-finds-stronger-answer-to-tully-monster-mystery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Tully.illustration750x500.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-29T14:36:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-11T18:00:51+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tullimonstrum is so peculiar that paleontologists haven\u2019t been able to agree on whether it was an invertebrate or not. 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