{"id":59294,"date":"2018-05-24T12:50:44","date_gmt":"2018-05-24T17:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=59294"},"modified":"2023-05-10T16:02:34","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T21:02:34","slug":"grad-student-research-aims-to-change-our-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/grad-student-research-aims-to-change-our-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Grad students’ research aims to change our world"},"content":{"rendered":"

Graduate students are the workhorses of university research. Their investment in scholarly inquiry will become the foundation of their academic and professional careers. Just as important, said Graduate School dean Marija Gajdardziska, is that research solves problems that we all face.<\/p>\n

Increasingly, these researchers are being asked to explain their work to general audiences in a way that\u2019s compelling \u2013 and brief. With constraints on funding, this skill is more important than ever. It\u2019s one reason the Graduate School hosted 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s inaugural Three-Minute Thesis Competition (3MT)<\/a>, in which grad students practice their \u201celevator pitch\u201d techniques.<\/p>\n

The students below represent a very small sample of the range of research being conducted across campus. The top three winners in the 3MT are included, along with others.<\/p>\n

Lisa Taxier, experimental psychology<\/h2>\n
\"Lisa
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

An estimated 5.7 million Americans have Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and nearly two-thirds of them are women. One contributing factor is that estrogen hormones protect memory, so the loss of them at menopause puts women at greater risk.<\/p>\n

But it\u2019s not that simple. Taxier studies the interactions among a person\u2019s brain, genes, hormones and sex to untangle the conditions that either lead to memory loss or protect against it.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s turning out to be quite a daunting puzzle because both hormones and genes are involved in memory \u2013 but they also accomplish many other tasks in the body.<\/p>\n

Taxier\u2019s research, funded by the Alzheimer\u2019s Association, shows that, like hormones, the effects of different variants of a gene called APOE are not the same in men as in women.<\/p>\n

Taxier, who took first place in the 51ÁÔÆæ Three-Minute Thesis competition, has found that one gene variant of APOE is memory protective in male mice, but not in female mice.For females with a different genotype, APOE4, estrogen replacement therapy during early menopause increases the risk of memory loss \u2013 the opposite of what occurs in women without that variant who take estrogen.<\/p>\n

Jeremiah Huth, architecture<\/h2>\n
\"Jeremiah
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

An avid cyclist who has pedaled many miles outside the city, Huth has observed one outcome of economic recovery on the landscape: Private development that was halted during the housing bust of the mid-2000s is now ramping up, threatening rural spaces once used for public recreation.<\/p>\n

Referred to as \u201cghost parcels,\u201d these spaces hold potential to enhance the built environment and also serve as recreational buffers between towns and cities, and maybe even provide opportunities for sustainable farming \u2013 if the zoning and mixed residential plots are designed for it.<\/p>\n

Huth\u2019s research focuses on two such parcels in Ozaukee County, one where a citizens group is working with a developer to design a subdivision that would leave a lakeside segment of the property in its natural state.<\/p>\n

In addition to subdivisions, many of these areas are used for one-crop, large-scale farming. So Huth also has incorporated segments that could be reserved for more sustainable farming practices.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea is to get people thinking about alternatives to the way we develop and occupy these rural spaces,\u201d said Huth. \u201cThe Ghost Parcels project could be the seed needed for investment.\u201d<\/p>\n

Shima Mehrvar, electrical engineering<\/h2>\n
\"Shima
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Millions of diabetics in the U.S. struggle with wounds that never heal because the disease hinders proper cell function.<\/p>\n

To find a solution, Shima Mehrvar, a graduate student in electrical engineering, is helping nursing senior Kevin Rymut investigate a treatment with near infrared (NIR) light that appears to improve healing of these stubborn wounds.<\/p>\n

Mehrvar has created a novel optical system that reveals molecular indicators of damage in live tissue. It resolves Rymut\u2019s main obstacle: How can you study something you can\u2019t see?<\/p>\n

Light is used in two ways: In Mehrvar\u2019s device, biomarkers for cell damage glow when they absorb light with specific wavelengths, revealing the location and extent of cell injury within the wound.<\/p>\n

The wound is also exposed to certain regiments of NIR light, which gradually tones down the inflammation that is a tell-tale sign of cell damage, while the imaging apparatus tracks the progress and shows the status of both the structure and the cellular function simultaneously.<\/p>\n

The two researchers hope to quantify the right dosage and duration needed to use NIR light as a treatment for chronic wounds.<\/p>\n

Jessica Skinner, anthropology<\/h2>\n
\"\"
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Archaeological Research Laboratory is the curator for skeletal remains of individuals recovered from the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery, the site of nameless graves of residents between 1882 and 1925.<\/p>\n

Anthropologists like Skinner use digital scans to examine the remains for clues to the life experiences of the poor, institutionalized and unclaimed of the late 19th<\/sup>and early 20th<\/sup>centuries.<\/p>\n

The human skeleton contains\u00a0a record of life events, such as injury, infection and personal habits. For example, reactive bone growth\u00a0around a poorly healed fracture often indicates that the person continued to use that limb despite the fracture.<\/p>\n

Anthropologists try to link these \u201csignatures\u201d with personal characteristics that may have been recorded in historical documents.<\/p>\n

For Skinner, the remains of these individuals not only inform the past, but may offer new ideas for medical treatment today.<\/p>\n

Her work accomplishes something else too. \u201cWe can now return the personhood of the dead and allow them to speak to the human community,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Ryan Bartelme, freshwater sciences<\/h2>\n
\"\"
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Pete Amland)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Aquaponics \u2013 raising plants and fish together \u2013 is so fascinating to microbiologist Ryan Bartelme he decided to go to graduate school to make his contribution.<\/p>\n

One challenge in aquaponics is perfecting the nitrogen cycle, something that Bartelme believes can be done naturally by understanding and manipulating the microbial communities in the water.<\/p>\n

For example, he said, certain microbes can convert toxic ammonia from fish waste into nitrate, which is beneficial for leafy plant production and relatively benign to fish. Harnessing these micro-organisms could improve the current method of mechanical filtration.<\/p>\n

Another common problem is that the plants in aquaponic systems need supplemental iron, adding to the cost. But Bartelme believes introducing microbes into the system could improve the absorption of iron.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf we knew more about the micro-community, we could manage the nutrients much better,\u201d he said. That\u2019s why he is working with the Great Lakes Genomics Center at 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s School of Freshwater Sciences to investigate four microorganisms that each accomplish different tasks in waste remediation.<\/p>\n

Anahit Campbell, chemistry<\/h2>\n
\"Anahit
(51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

One in every 1,500 babies are born with an obstruction that blocks the flow of urine from a kidney to the bladder.<\/p>\n

It usually affects only one kidney, but the methods of diagnosing this ailment are invasive. As a result, the condition, called obstructive uropathy, often goes undetected.<\/p>\n

Chemistry graduate student Anahit Campbell described three current detection methods when she presented at the 51ÁÔÆæ Three-Minute Thesis competition. \u201cIf I were a parent, which option would I choose for my child? The answer is none of them,\u201d she told the audience.<\/p>\n

Instead Campbell is helping to create a noninvasive diagnostic tool that is also quick and inexpensive. The tool will expose a sample of the baby\u2019s urine to aptamers, similar to antibodies,that naturally interact with the proteins that are biomarkers for the disease if they are present. It is similar to the way a pregnancy test works.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s an easier and less stressful way for new parents to get an earlier diagnosis, opening up more treatment options earlier \u2013 and that can save lives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Graduate students are the workhorses of university research. Their work becomes the foundation of their academic and professional careers, but just as important is the fact that their research helps solve problems that we all face.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":59296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[211,174,175],"tags":[250],"section":[122,124],"display_categories":[115,116],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[167,344,149,343,158,153,161,144,152,163,146],"class_list":["post-59294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-listicles","category-news","category-research","tag-student-success","section-campus-community","section-students","display_categories-top-story-secondary","display_categories-top-story-section","uwmnews-feed-alumni-association","uwmnews-feed-arts-architecture","uwmnews-feed-engineering-applied-science","uwmnews-feed-health-professions-sciences","uwmnews-feed-letters-science","uwmnews-feed-graduate","uwmnews-feed-hard-science","uwmnews-feed-architecture-urban-planning","uwmnews-feed-freshwater-sciences","uwmnews-feed-nursing","uwmnews-feed-urban-planning"],"yoast_head":"\nGrad students' research aims to change our world<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Graduate students are the workhorses of university research. 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