{"id":3861,"date":"2012-09-10T12:02:45","date_gmt":"2012-09-10T17:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=3861"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:21:47","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:21:47","slug":"synthesized-speech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/synthesized-speech\/","title":{"rendered":"When \u2018speech\u2019 is not \u2018a voice\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3907\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3907\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21team_j-1ej96k3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3907\" title=\"c21team_j\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21team_j-1ej96k3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21team_j-1ej96k3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21team_j-1ej96k3-300x114.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3907\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(L-R): Shelley Lund, Patricia Mayes, Yi Hu, and Heather Warren-Crow have received a 21st Century Studies grant to study the use of synthesized speech. (<em><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Photos by Troye Fox<\/span><\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Synthesized speech technology has given a voice to many who can\u2019t speak.<\/p>\n<p>But that gift may not offer them a \u201cvoice\u201d of their own.<\/p>\n<p>Four University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee researchers will be exploring the issues and challenges faced by those using synthesized speech. The researchers bring different perspectives to the project, which is funded by a $200,000 Center for 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century Studies Interdisciplinary Challenge Award.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 5px;width: 325px;float: right\">\n<div style=\"text-align: right;font-style: italic\"><span class=\"uwm_caption\">Video by Mary Baylor<br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hvDH1Vg63SA\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nIn this video, see and hear how voice synthesizers work.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/youtu.be\/hvDH1Vg63SA\">View full size on YouTube<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Shelley Lund is an associate professor of communication sciences and disorders; Patricia Mayes is an associate professor of English with training in linguistics; Heather Warren-Crow is an assistant professor of art theory and practice in the Peck School of the Arts; and Yi Hu is an assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science.<\/p>\n<p>Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) technologies, developed in the 1970s and early 1980s, allow an individual to type what they want to say into a voice synthesizer, press a button and turn their typed words into spoken words.<\/p>\n<p>When the technology was first developed for use in communication disorders, says Lund, special devices were needed. The technology expanded with the development of voices for ATMs and computerized voicemail that could be adapted for those with communication disorders. Today, synthesized voices can be downloaded to iPads, smart phones and other mobile devices.<\/p>\n<p><strong>When the ATM voice is yours<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While the technology has improved from early models that sounded like a robot speaking to more natural-sounding voices, says Lund, the AAC technologies have limits. For example, there are only a few \u201cvoices\u201d to choose from.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3905\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3905\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21_keyboard-1jhiuqv.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3905 \" title=\"c21_keyboard\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/c21_keyboard-1jhiuqv.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3905\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One model of a voice synthesizer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s not unusual, says Lund, for a group of women with communication disorders to get together and find they\u2019re all using the \u201cBetty\u201d voice, listening to others who sound exactly like them. Or, adds Warren-Crow, \u201cWhat happens when you hear the ATM, and it\u2019s the same voice you\u2019re using?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPast research has been focused on intelligibility of the voices, and, given the quality of the voices we had access to in the past, it was important to make them easier to understand,\u201d says Lund. \u201cNow that the overall quality of the voices has improved, we can turn our attention to other issues.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEmotion is arguably the most challenging aspect of the voice to convey through synthesis,\u201d says Warren-Crow. So while some programs have added laughter, it\u2019s still hard to convey sarcasm and other affective aspects, she adds. Slang, dialects and proper names can also be a challenge for voice synthesizers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe want to look at the issues people using AAC technologies face \u2013 how the use of specific available voices affects their identity and their dialog with others,\u201d adds Mayes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Our voices, our selves?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In their project, the researchers will be interviewing people who use various types of synthesizers to get views on how the voice they choose impacts their perception of themselves, and look at what vocal options they might like to see. They will also be recording actual interactions between speakers, and looking at the different ways they adapt to their synthesized voices.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3906\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3906\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/C21_yishelley-qsaim8.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3906\" title=\"C21_yishelley\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/09\/C21_yishelley-qsaim8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3906\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yi Hu and Shelly Lund discuss the workings of a voice synthesizer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For example, one of the areas Mayes researches is how people express various socially relevant meanings that are conveyed through regular patterns in utterances and gestures, often at an unconscious level. \u201cWhat we don\u2019t know is how users of synthesized voices are able to express these more subtle meanings,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>Voice technology engineers have already begun to create voices that reflect various cultures and nationalities. For example, a voice called \u201cHeather\u201d speaks with a Scottish accent. The 51ÁÔÆæ researchers want to look at how important these distinct voices are to those using them, and how voices with different dialects and accents can be created while avoiding stereotyping.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers will refine and perhaps expand the scope of a tablet application they are developing under Hu\u2019s leadership. \u201cWe want to see if we can convert what we learn into practical applications for devices like smart phones\u201d he says. With the iPhone already having \u201cSiri \u2013 a speechified voice,\u201d in general use, developing different smart phone voices for those who need them is possible, he adds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCan synthesized voices convey what people feel are their identities?\u201d asks Warren-Crow. \u201cWe don\u2019t know.\u201d To get feedback on their project, and beta-test the application, she will create a piece of \u201csound art\u201d for the community, performed by people with and without communication disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>This project is a good fit for transdisciplinary work, according to the researchers. Mayes and Warren-Crow accompanied Lund to an AAC conference in late July so they could learn more about the field and make contacts with people who could contribute to the project.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur methodologies and approaches are different,\u201d says Warren-Crow of the research team. However, the combination of social sciences, humanities, arts and engineering is well-suited to the project\u2019s goal of exploring what having a voice means, and studying the more flexible and aesthetically pleasing options developed for those using synthetic voice technology, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe approach we\u2019re taking with this grant is to start from the perspective of the humanities, using scientific and artistic methodologies,\u201d says Mayes. \u201cWe\u2019re bringing a humanities approach to devices created by engineers and designers.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Four UW-Milwaukee researchers will be exploring the issues and challenges faced by those using synthesized speech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":835,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[142,139],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[],"class_list":["post-3861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-computer-science-technology","section-science-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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