{"id":3273,"date":"2012-07-17T01:59:11","date_gmt":"2012-07-17T06:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=3273"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:28:54","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:28:54","slug":"taking-on-cigarettes-among-their-leading-users","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/taking-on-cigarettes-among-their-leading-users\/","title":{"rendered":"Taking on cigarettes among their leading users"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3298\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_CAB-x58dik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3298 \" title=\"AmerInd_Cigs_CAB\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_CAB-x58dik.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_CAB-x58dik.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_CAB-x58dik-300x174.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An advisory board, made up of Menominee tribe members, worked with researchers. Photo courtesy of Leah Arndt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>American Indians have the highest rate of cigarette smoking in the United States, yet minimal research has been done on ways to help those within these communities quit smoking.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3295\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3295\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_poster-24kak5s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3295\" title=\"AmerInd_Cigs_poster\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_poster-24kak5s.jpg\" alt=\"START project poster\" width=\"225\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_poster-24kak5s.jpg 225w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_poster-24kak5s-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3295\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Webster, an enrolled member of the Menominee Tribe, created this artwork for the START project.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Leah Arndt, assistant professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, has been closely involved in a two-part study designed to \u201cprovide deeper understanding of how to integrate Indigenous Ways of Knowing with mainstream smoking-cessation treatment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRates of addiction to commercial cigarettes are disproportionately high in many tribal communities that often have limited cessation and other treatment resources,\u201d says Arndt. \u201cThis can lead to significant health disparities that result in high rates of smoking-related diseases and deaths.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s School of Education collaborated with UW-Madison and the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin on the community-partnered Stop Tobacco Abuse, Renew Tradition (START) project from October 2008 through October 2011. Arndt was co-principal investigator on this clinical study, which tested standard smoking cessation treatment within the Menominee Tribe, and evaluated a culturally appropriate, evidence-based smoking cessation intervention for American Indians. Principal investigator was Stevens Smith, associate professor in the UW School of Medicine and Public Health, which was the primary funder for the START study. Smith is also a senior investigator at the UW Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention.<\/p>\n<p>Arndt is also serving as principal investigator on a National Institutes of Health (NIH)\/Mayo Spirit of EAGLES qualitative pilot grant that started in September 2010 and will run through August 2013. That study uses the information from the START project to provide insight into factors that either support or constrain participation in clinical trials within American Indian communities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tobacco plays complex role in culture<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3299\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3299\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_art-28zjkap.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3299\" title=\"AmerInd_Cigs_art\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/07\/AmerInd_Cigs_art-28zjkap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3299\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tobacco is an important part of culture and ceremonies among American Indians. Sketch by Cliff Wilber, enrolled member of the Menominee tribe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dealing with smoking among the Menominee and other tribes is challenging because of the role tobacco use plays in the culture and in traditional ceremonies, says Mark Caskey, wellness director of the Menominee Tribe.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe proper spiritual relationship with the gift of tobacco needs to be re-established,\u201d he says. The tribe is well aware of the health dangers of the abuse of tobacco and smoking addiction, Caskey notes, but while the tribal clinic has made strides in reducing abuse of tobacco, much work still needs to be done. \u201cIn the last five years, cancer has passed heart disease as the number one killer of Wisconsin American Indians, and, in the Menominee, lung cancer is the leading form of cancer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Though Arndt was invited to work on these grants as a qualitative researcher, given her M\u00e9tis heritage, she also has an interest in helping with the project because of the unique nature of tobacco use within American Indian communities. \u201cWe view the use of tobacco in the commercial form as abuse of the plant, and that use or addiction is an abusive relationship,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>This is not just a problem within one tribe, says Arndt. A multidisciplinary national program, Spirit of EAGLES coordinates and assesses a national cancer research program for American Indian\/Alaska Native communities to address cancer disparities. Spirit of EAGLES was instrumental in the success of the Menominee clinical trial, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>Arndt, Caskey and Smith, as well as Jerry Waukau, administrator of the Menominee Tribal Clinic, and Jodi Fossum, project coordinator, all agree that treatment and tobacco cessation models need to be culturally relevant. That\u2019s where Arndt\u2019s work as a qualitative methodologist comes in.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 2px solid #a57d25;padding: 5px;width: 275px;float: right\">\n<p><strong>Who smokes in America*<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>21.5 % of adult men<\/li>\n<li>17.3% of adult women<\/li>\n<li>34.4% of American Indians\/Alaska Natives (non-Hispanic)<\/li>\n<li>9.2% of Asians (non-Hispanic; excludes Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders)<\/li>\n<li>20.6% of blacks (non-Hispanic)<\/li>\n<li>12.5% of Hispanics<\/li>\n<li>21.0% of whites (non-Hispanic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>*Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, 2010<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Qualitative research is focused on gathering information through techniques like interviews and focus groups, then organizing and interpreting it according to the population\u2019s ways of knowing and information gathering. The goal of Arndt\u2019s work is to help the tribal clinic evaluate which practices are most effective for the Menominee people.<\/p>\n<p>The START study involved 108 randomized participants who took part in two different smoking cessation treatments: a standard evidence-based treatment and a culturally tailored treatment consisting of the standard treatment plus culturally appropriate treatment elements.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe project adapted to challenges around matching mainstream research orientations to the needs of the Menominee people. We adjusted for language and worldview issues regarding commercial and ceremonial tobacco,\u201d says Arndt. \u201cThis project will help affirm many of the current practices at the Menominee Tribal Clinic for smoking cessation, and will provide insight on needed adjustments for treatment.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs investigators, we hope that new knowledge gained in the study will help to reduce the prevalence of smoking and improve health for Menominee and other American Indian and Alaska Native communities,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Menominee people have always been leaders, and we need to keep trying new strategies\/approaches to strengthen and heal our community,\u201d says Waukau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Mentoring<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Leah Arndt received a Spirit of EAGLES Hampton Faculty Fellowship grant that allowed her and a colleague to mentor a number of students, staff and community members, both American Indian and non-American Indian, from 51ÁÔÆæ and other universities.<\/p>\n<p>Among them were:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jodi Fossum (enrolled Menominee member and START project coordinator), who completed her master\u2019s degree in counseling during the project.<\/li>\n<li>Estee Guzman (enrolled Ho Chunk member), an undergraduate at 51ÁÔÆæ in Educational Policy and Community Studies, and an intern at the Native American Research Council on Health Intern, Great Lakes Intertribal Council on Health.<\/li>\n<li>Ashley Kies, a doctoral student in 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Department of Educational Psychology. Kies attended Community Based Participatory Research training with a focus on working in Indian Country with Arndt in Albuquerque, N.M.<\/li>\n<li>Natasha Schmitt, a doctoral student in 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Department of Educational Psychology. Schmitt received support for one academic year on the START project as a project assistant.<\/li>\n<li>Holly Wohlers, a doctoral student in 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Department of Educational Psychology. Wohlers attended Community Based Participator Research training with a focus on working in Indian Country with Arndt in Albuquerque, N.M.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition, Shannon Chavez Korell (Latina\/Din\u00e9 [Navajo] heritage), an assistant professor in the 51ÁÔÆæ Department of Educational Psychology, provided supervision to Amileah Davis. Davis, a U.S. Air Force captain of M\u00e9tis heritage, is a doctoral candidate at New Mexico State University at Las Cruces in the Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leah Arndt has been closely involved in a study of how to integrate Indigenous Ways of Knowing with smoking-cessation treatments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40008,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[135,137],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[],"class_list":["post-3273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-health","section-public-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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