{"id":16887,"date":"2015-03-27T13:20:39","date_gmt":"2015-03-27T18:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=16887"},"modified":"2015-12-17T16:58:58","modified_gmt":"2015-12-17T22:58:58","slug":"uwm-study-shows-survival-shapes-birds-plumage-as-much-as-need-to-attract-mates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-study-shows-survival-shapes-birds-plumage-as-much-as-need-to-attract-mates\/","title":{"rendered":"51ÁÔÆæ study shows survival shapes birds\u2019 plumage as much as need to attract mates"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the world of bird fashion, the guys seem to have all the fun: brighter feathers, sharper accessories, more pizzazz.<\/p>\n

Researchers going back to Charles Darwin have focused on the contrast between the sexes, attributing the males\u2019 brighter colors to their need to attract mates.<\/p>\n

A group of researchers at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee took a different approach, testing a hypothesis that evolution has actually resulted in similarities among the sexes as much as differences.<\/p>\n

Looking at nearly 1,000 species of birds, they found that while males often have brighter feathers than females, the two sexes have come closer together in color over time to blend into their surroundings and hide from predators. Natural selection \u2013 during migration, breeding in subtropical locales and care of young \u2013 is as powerful as sexual selection.<\/p>\n

\"51ÁÔÆæ<\/a>
51ÁÔÆæ biologist Peter Dunn and his research partners studied the evolution of bright colors in birds, such as this Choco toucan, in a worldwide survey of 977 species. Male and female toucans are colored identically.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cAlthough most studies of bird plumage focus on dichromatism, evolutionary change has most often led to similar, rather than different, plumage in males and females,\u201d the authors write.<\/p>\n

Peter Dunn and Linda Whittingham, professors of behavioral ecology at UW-Milwaukee, wrote the paper with Jessica Armenta, a former UW-Milwaukee graduate student who now teaches at Austin Community College in Texas.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur study shows that ecology and behavior are driving the color of both sexes, and it is not due to sexual selection,\u201d they write.<\/p>\n

The paper, \u201cNatural and sexual selection act on different axes of variation in avian plumage color,\u201d is being published in \u201cScience Advances.\u201d<\/p>\n

Armenta spent four years collecting data from 977 species of birds from six museums in the U.S. and Australia. She looked at six birds of each species, three males and three females.<\/p>\n

Dunn and Whittingham analyzed the data, assigning each bird a color score based on scales of brightness and hue. They examined plumage color in relation to 10 measures of natural and sexual selection.<\/p>\n

\u201cResearchers have called for separate analyses of each sex for over a decade, but this is the first large-scale study to examine the color of each sex in relation to indices of both natural and sexual selection,\u201d they write.<\/p>\n

When the sexes became more similar in color, they did so for reasons of natural selection. When the color gap increased, it had more to do with sexual selection, they found.<\/p>\n

Dunn hopes the findings will send future research in new directions.<\/p>\n

\u201cA lot of research has focused on how plumage color is related to mating success, especially in males,\u201d he says, \u201cso this should hopefully get researchers to think more about how color affects survival, especially predation and foraging success, in both sexes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Within the larger findings is another surprise: male birds with multiple mates actually tend to be duller in color than their female counterparts.<\/p>\n

Male red-winged blackbirds, for example, can have up to a dozen mates but are less colorful than their consorts.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe reason for this is that males in these species often have a lot of black plumage,\u201d Dunn says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Natural selection \u2013 during migration, breeding in subtropical locales and care of young \u2013 is as powerful as sexual selection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40008,"featured_media":16889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[175],"tags":[],"section":[140,139],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[158,161],"class_list":["post-16887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","section-science","section-science-technology","uwmnews-feed-letters-science","uwmnews-feed-hard-science"],"yoast_head":"\n51ÁÔÆæ study shows survival shapes birds\u2019 plumage as much as need to attract mates<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Natural selection \u2013 during migration, breeding in subtropical locales and care of young \u2013 is as powerful 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