{"id":16136,"date":"2015-02-17T10:11:35","date_gmt":"2015-02-17T16:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=16136"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:01:36","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:01:36","slug":"uwm-study-golden-vehicle-for-drug-delivery-has-hidden-costs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-study-golden-vehicle-for-drug-delivery-has-hidden-costs\/","title":{"rendered":"51ÁÔÆæ study: Golden vehicle for drug delivery has hidden costs"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_16137\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16137\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2015\/02\/nano.gold_j-1qgj1zh.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16137\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2015\/02\/nano.gold_j-1qgj1zh.jpg\" alt=\"Jeremy Larson (left) grinds a sample to test for hormone production with his advisers Michael Carvan, associate professor of freshwater sciences, and Reinhold Hutz, professor of biological sciences. The three have investigated the health effects of gold nanoparticles inside living cells. (Photo by Troye Fox)\" width=\"600\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2015\/02\/nano.gold_j-1qgj1zh.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2015\/02\/nano.gold_j-1qgj1zh-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremy Larson (left) grinds a sample to test for hormone production with his advisers Michael Carvan, associate professor of freshwater sciences (center), and Reinhold Hutz, professor of biological sciences. The three have investigated the health effects of gold nanoparticles inside living cells. (<em>51ÁÔÆæ photo by Troye Fox<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>One of the biggest ideas in treating disease involves material so small it isn\u2019t even visible. Miniscule gold particles \u2013 the size of several atoms \u2013 are being touted as vehicles to send drugs exactly where they are needed in the body, minimizing side effects and the dosage needed.<\/p>\n<p>But a recent <a href=\"http:\/\/informahealthcare.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/17435390.2013.837208\">51ÁÔÆæ study<\/a> has found that while engineered gold nanoparticles are attractive for smart drug delivery, they come with a downside: great potential to disrupt a woman\u2019s fertility.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re calling them an emerging class of novel endocrine disruptors,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letsci\/biologicalsciences\/facultystaff\/hutz\/index.cfm\">Reinhold Hutz<\/a>, professor of biological sciences. \u201cThis study is the first one to look at toxic effects of gold nanoparticles in living ovarian tissue, so it\u2019s very early evidence.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 5px;padding: 5px;width: 240px;float: right;border-top: 1px solid #cca540;border-bottom: #cca540 1px solid\">\n<h5><em>Understanding how gold nanoparticles affect the body is important because they are beginning to be used for drug delivery in humans. <\/em><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p>Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that, even in trace amounts, confuse the complicated hormonal messaging system, altering or interrupting a wide range of normal cell activities.<\/p>\n<p>They include pesticides, plasticizers in food containers and flame retardants applied to clothing. Each can be toxic to humans in different ways.<\/p>\n<p>The 51ÁÔÆæ study was one of the first to investigate nanoparticles as endocrine disruptors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nanoparticles are everywhere<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Understanding how gold nanoparticles affect the body is important because they are beginning to be used for drug delivery in humans, said Jeremy Larson, a former master\u2019s student in the Department of Biological Sciences who conducted much of the research.<\/p>\n<p>Also, nanoparticles of various materials, not just gold, are becoming more prevalent as ingredients in consumer products ranging from food packaging to personal care items, like sunscreens.<\/p>\n<p>Larson determined that gold nanoparticles affected production of progesterone, a sex steroid hormone that affects the production of estrogen and testosterone. Though the change was subtle, he said, it was detected at an amount that is 200,000-fold lower than the dose for clinical use.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe biochemical pathway we evaluated, called steroidogenesis, is huge,\u201d said Larson. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t just include progesterone and estrogen production, but also production of stress hormones and other products, depending on the tissue type.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That means it is possible that nanoparticles may cause changes in bodily functions other than reproduction that involve estrogen, such as the immune system and brain functioning.<\/p>\n<p>Hutz and Larson worked on the study with <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/freshwater\/people\/carvan-michael\/\">Michael Carvan\u2019s<\/a> toxicology lab at 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s School of Freshwater Sciences. Carvan\u2019s lab and the Children\u2019s Environmental Health Sciences Core Center provided the funding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Smaller nanoparticles may do more damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Larson, Carvan and Hutz limited their study to the effects in ovarian tissue, but other studies in rats have shown that gold nanoparticles deposited in male reproductive organs can alter testosterone.<\/p>\n<p>Much more research is needed to determine a more comprehensive picture of the health impacts of nanoparticles. That work will take time, Hutz said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause nanoparticles all vary in size, composition and behavior, they will have to be investigated one at a time,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Another obstacle to studying nanoparticles is that at the atomic scale, molecules behave differently than they would in bulk.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are levels of complexity,\u201d Larson said. \u201cTypically, the smaller the nanoparticle, the greater its potential to interact with the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hutz believes the particles might be less harmful if their chemical structures were modified to limit their activity within the cells.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A recent 51ÁÔÆæ study has found that while engineered gold nanoparticles are attractive for smart drug delivery, they come with a downside: great potential to disrupt a woman\u2019s fertility.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[136,135],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[161,152],"class_list":["post-16136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-biotechnology","section-health","uwmnews-feed-hard-science","uwmnews-feed-freshwater-sciences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>51ÁÔÆæ study: Golden vehicle for drug delivery has hidden costs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A recent 51ÁÔÆæ study has found that while engineered gold nanoparticles are attractive for smart drug delivery, they come with a downside: great potential to disrupt a woman\u2019s fertility.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-study-golden-vehicle-for-drug-delivery-has-hidden-costs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ study: Golden vehicle for drug delivery has hidden costs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A recent 51ÁÔÆæ study has found that while engineered gold nanoparticles are attractive for smart drug delivery, they come with a downside: great potential to disrupt a woman\u2019s fertility.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-study-golden-vehicle-for-drug-delivery-has-hidden-costs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"51ÁÔÆæ REPORT\" \/>\n<meta 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