  {"id":140477,"date":"2025-04-07T10:53:07","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T15:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=140477"},"modified":"2025-04-21T13:57:35","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T18:57:35","slug":"how-ai-powered-chatbots-can-make-or-break-consumer-trust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/how-ai-powered-chatbots-can-make-or-break-consumer-trust\/","title":{"rendered":"How AI-powered chatbots can make \u2013 or break \u2013 consumer trust"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chatbots \u2013 those little text bubbles that pop up in the corner of so many consumer sites \u2013 have long been a fixture in the digital world. Now, the growing popularity of generative AI programs has only supercharged their presence, and their abilities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conversations with ChatGPT and similar apps are getting more realistic by the day. Artificial intelligence-powered chatbots are now woven into many businesses\u2019 customer service, outreach and sales approaches.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">But how is this widespread AI adoption affecting consumer behavior? That\u2019s a question for Scott Schanke, an assistant professor in 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Lubar College of Business. His work, which is one of several AI-focused research projects at 51ÁÔÆæ, centers on the design of AI agents for public-facing business interactions, and how different interfaces can make or break consumer trust.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAI agents (can) fill this sort of human-facing job role,\u201d Schanke said. \u201cMaybe it\u2019s collecting information or facilitating a sale.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">A lot goes into making sure consumers actually finish filling out a form or complete a purchase. Different traits can sway a person\u2019s interaction with a chatbot, and ultimately an organization\u2019s ability to gain their trust.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exploring how chatbots shape consumer interaction will give businesses valuable insight into the best ways to deploy new AI technologies. This includes other formats as well, such as voice clones. Schanke\u2019s work will also help researchers pinpoint future uses for the technology \u2014 both constructive and nefarious.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe whole idea here is that we need to try and be forward-looking,\u201d Schanke says. \u201cThis is sort of an inflection point that we&#8217;re starting to see with a lot of these generative AI technologies, where \u2026 we don&#8217;t really know what the potential downsides are.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Chatbots in context<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a <a href=\"https:\/\/pubsonline.informs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1287\/isre.2021.1015\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2021 study in the academic journal Information Systems Research<\/a>, Schanke and colleagues explored how chatbot humanization impacted a customer\u2019s likelihood of accepting an offer. They partnered with a secondhand clothing retailer to automate their clothing buyback process.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schanke designed a chatbot for the company with varying degrees of human-like qualities. Some versions told jokes, took longer pauses between replies or told the customer their name. Ultimately, anthropomorphism helped the bots secure more sales \u2014 but it came with a cost.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consumers didn\u2019t tend to push back on offers that came from computer-like bots. \u201cMeaning, if you seem more like a bot, I am more willing to take a lower offer because I&#8217;m not thinking about any sort of intent behind the offer,\u201d Schanke says. On the other hand, when bots seemed more human, customers focused more on negotiating to get the best price.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">In other contexts, such as charitable giving, anthropomorphism also comes with drawbacks. For <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4914622\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a report that is currently under review<\/a>, Schanke partnered with a social justice organization in Minneapolis to deploy a chatbot that interacts with potential donors. Using AI-powered chatbots could help charitable organizations, which typically have fewer resources than corporations, Schanke said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cA lot of these organizations\u2026 it&#8217;s hard for them to stay afloat. And I think chatbots could be a way to help them automate certain processes,\u201d he said. But when chatbots appear too human, potential donors are less likely to open their wallets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">The big reason is that charities tend to operate in more emotional contexts. Asking for donations for flood victims or people facing food insecurity, for example, feels much more high-stakes than selling used clothes. \u201cHaving high degrees of anthropomorphism as well as high degrees of emotional appeals are counterproductive because it&#8217;s already an emotional context and it&#8217;s almost too abrasive to people,\u201d Schanke said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Logical, bot-like approaches, on the other hand, resulted in more conversions in the outreach process. Ultimately, context matters when deploying chatbots in different settings, and it\u2019s important for organizations to know which traits will push or pull consumers away.<\/p>\n<h2>Familiar voices elicit consumer trust<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">While not as common as chatbots in consumer-facing settings, voice clones are the next frontier in AI-driven interaction. These bots, also known as audio deepfakes, mimic the voices of real human beings. AI voice programs only need a few seconds of audio from a real person talking to generate a hyper-realistic clone that can say just about anything.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFolks have been using these mostly for parody,\u201d Schanke says, pointing to the many examples of TikTok videos where a celebrity appears to sing a song or recite a speech that they never actually said. But organizations are interested in how this technology could enhance customer support and outreach, much like chatbots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">The question is how much consumers will trust it \u2014 and how easily voice cloning can manipulate perception. For <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4839606\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a report to be published in Management Science<\/a>, Schanke and colleagues invited participants to talk with AI voice clones over the phone. They found that bots seemed more trustworthy when they cloned and spoke in the participant\u2019s own voice. And even in scenarios where the researchers told participants that the \u201cperson\u201d on the other end was not to be trusted, they still believed what the bot told them when it was using their own voice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cEven in that situation, when we give them this information, they\u2019re more willing to trust that other party, even when they know that this person is not trustworthy,\u201d Schanke says.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, in cases where the bots disclosed that they were, in fact, bots, participant trust still remained high. Knowing this could help lead to legislation to protect consumers against nefarious or misleading uses of AI.<\/p>\n<h2>Thinking five years ahead<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voice clones have already been used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/science\/annals-of-artificial-intelligence\/the-terrifying-ai-scam-that-uses-your-loved-ones-voice\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">carry out complex scams<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/ckg9k5dv1zdo\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">create fake news reports<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/the-byte\/bank-robbers-deepfaking-voice\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">even rob a bank<\/a>. Because of how easily they can generate a believable persona with just a few seconds of audio, the technology wields the power to manipulate unsuspecting people and supercharge malicious lies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">But it all depends on how voice clones are used. \u201cMy belief is that technology is neither good nor bad,\u201d Schanke said. There is potential for both positive and negative outcomes with generative AI tools \u2014 it just matters who\u2019s using them and for what purpose.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a researcher, Schanke\u2019s goal is to explore the wide variety of possibilities that AI technologies present. Shedding light on how chatbots and voice clones can be used raises awareness for people who work with AI systems. It can also alert the public to the potentially manipulative applications and help make the case for consumer legislation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cI think it\u2019s really important for us as researchers to think five years ahead,\u201d Schanke said. \u201cHow could we potentially protect people, or at least drive transparency that this is a potential risk?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The growing popularity of generative AI programs has supercharged the presence, and abilities, of those little text bubbles that pop up in the corner of so many consumer sites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40008,"featured_media":142793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[360,174,175],"tags":[],"section":[132,246],"display_categories":[352,116],"related-coverage":[338],"uwmnews-feed":[162],"class_list":["post-140477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-news","category-research","section-business","section-business-world-affairs","display_categories-top-story-tertiary","display_categories-top-story-section","related-coverage-research","uwmnews-feed-business"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How AI-powered chatbots can make \u2013 or break \u2013 consumer 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