{"id":12980,"date":"2014-08-04T10:20:27","date_gmt":"2014-08-04T15:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=12980"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:01:37","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:01:37","slug":"uwm-physicists-technology-used-in-early-malaria-detection-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/uwm-physicists-technology-used-in-early-malaria-detection-2\/","title":{"rendered":"51ÁÔÆæ physicists\u2019 technology used in early malaria detection"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Postdoctoral<\/a>
Postdoctoral researcher Eric Mattson and Professor Carol Hirschmugl display an image obtained with IRENI on the computer. The image is pixilated and colorized, showing the location of specific molecules within the tissue sample, which is visible in black and white on the microscope.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A group of Australian scientists and physicists from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (51ÁÔÆæ) has employed state-of-the-art military hardware in a method that quickly identifies malaria parasites in blood samples as small as a single cell.<\/p>\n

\"Box<\/a>
Box A shows blood cells with an ocular microscope. Box B shows the cells imaged with IRENI in just one frequency, where the red indicates a high density of molecules. Box C is an IRENI image of the cells in all frequencies that is essentially a map by color of where the malaria parasites are and at what stage of development they are in. (Click for a larger version)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Researchers at Australia\u2019s Monash University and the University of Melbourne came to Wisconsin to use unique imaging equipment created by 51ÁÔÆæ professor Carol Hirschmugl in order to investigate strategies for earlier diagnosis of the disease.<\/p>\n

The scientists say the novel idea, published July 14 in the journal Analyst<\/i>, could set a new gold standard for malaria testing. One of the most deadly diseases on the planet, malaria kills about a million people a year.<\/p>\n

Hirschmugl\u2019s equipment incorporates a special detector known as a Focal Plane Array (FPA), originally developed for anti-tank heat-seeking missiles.<\/p>\n

Like the sensor in a large mega-pixel camera, the FPA detector recognizes pixels and is sensitive to the infrared spectrum. Hirschmugl has used it as part of equipment she developed, called Infrared Environmental Imaging (IRENI).<\/p>\n

\u201cWith the detector we essentially get a mega-pixel camera for infrared, rather than visible light,\u201d she says. \u201cIt is key to my system and the whole reason I built IRENI.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Seeing\u2019 with frequencies<\/strong><\/p>\n

The tool yields high-definition pictures of the kinds of molecules in a sample with exceptional clarity and speed.<\/p>\n

In IRENI, the FPA detector is paired with a synchrotron as the camera\u2019s light source. In a synchrotron, streams of speeding electrons emit continuous light across the entire electromagnetic spectrum so that researchers can note where certain wavelengths are most readily absorbed by the test material.<\/p>\n

The malaria test was conducted using IRENI equipment at the Synchrotron Radiation Center at UW-Madison where light in the invisible mid-infrared range was absorbed at millions of locations in the blood sample.<\/p>\n

Taken together, the data form a high-definition image which, once reassembled by a computer program, produces a \u201chyper-spectral map,\u201d guiding scientists to the exact location of the target \u2013 those cells where the infrared signature produced by the parasites\u2019 fatty acids appeared.<\/p>\n

\u201cRather than having to look everywhere in a sample, this method points you to which cell is infected with the parasite and at which stage of the disease,\u201d says Hirschmugl.<\/p>\n

Early detection difficult<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lead researcher Bayden Wood, associate professor of biochemistry at Monash University, specializes in imaging biomolecules with a technique called Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which provides information on how they vibrate. He says a test that can catch malaria at its early stages is critical to reduce mortality and prevent the overuse of anti-malarial drugs.<\/p>\n

The disease is often spotted only after the parasites have developed and multiplied in the body.<\/p>\n

This test could make an impact if it results in large-scale screening to identify carriers of the malaria parasite who do not display the disease\u2019s classic fever-type symptoms, says Leann Tilley, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Melbourne.<\/p>\n

If those carriers are treated before symptoms appear, it will keep the disease from spreading quickly within a community.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s next?<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the next phase of research Wood\u2019s team will work with Professor Patcharee Jearanaikoon from the Khon Kaen University in Thailand to test the new technology in hospital clinics.<\/p>\n

For Hirschmugl, the test demonstrated the medical applications of IRENI, though she acknowledges that synchrotron-based imaging is not practical for use in developing countries where malaria poses the biggest threat.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe hope is to keep pushing the commercial technology to improve,\u201d she says. \u201cThe quality of what is available commercially now has improved because of our research so far.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

State-of-the-art military hardware quickly identifies malaria parasites in blood samples as small as a single cell.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[140,139],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[158,161],"class_list":["post-12980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-science","section-science-technology","uwmnews-feed-letters-science","uwmnews-feed-hard-science"],"yoast_head":"\n51ÁÔÆæ physicists\u2019 technology used in early malaria detection<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"State-of-the-art military hardware quickly identifies malaria parasites in blood samples as small as a single cell.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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