{"id":109,"date":"2011-07-26T15:23:31","date_gmt":"2011-07-26T15:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uwmnews.chojnacki.us\/?p=109"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:30:05","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:30:05","slug":"doggedly-tracking-badgers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/doggedly-tracking-badgers\/","title":{"rendered":"Doggedly tracking badgers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Emily<\/a>
Emily Latch (left), assistant professor of biological sciences, looks at the hair snares made by graduate student Liz Kierepka (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

How far would you drive in the Badger State to find a badger \u2013 or even a burrow? Graduate student Liz Kierepka has traveled more than 300 miles \u2013 more than once \u2013 only to find her research subject had moved on to a new address.<\/p>\n

\"Photo<\/a>
Juvenile badgers will sometimes pop their heads out of the burrow if they\u2019re curious, but their mothers swiftly bring them back in, says doctoral student Liz Kierepka. Most of the photos submitted to the study were taken with (unmanned) trail cameras. Photo by Scott Hulse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Near La Crosse, she even had GPS coordinates reported, but there was no burrow in sight when she arrived.<\/p>\n

Juvenile badgers will sometimes pop their heads out of the burrow if they\u2019re curious, but their mothers swiftly bring them back in, says doctoral student Liz Kierepka. Most of the photos submitted to the study were taken with (unmanned) trail cameras.<\/p>\n

The beloved state mascot manages to be all but invisible. And that is precisely the reason badgers are a protected species in Wisconsin, says Emily Latch, a 51ÁÔÆæ assistant professor of biological sciences.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe just don\u2019t know anything about them. So what we\u2019re looking for is really basic,\u201d says Latch. \u201cWe want to know where they live, about how many there are and where they go when they move around.\u201d<\/p>\n

As head of the two-year-old Wisconsin Badger Genetics Project, the first long-term study of the state\u2019s badger population, Latch is working with the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in gathering DNA samples that will yield new information about the elusive animal.<\/p>\n

Essential to the project\u2019s success is reporting by ordinary people across the state. They contact Latch\u2019s lab to share badger or burrow sightings and send trail photos or photos of backyard burrows.<\/p>\n

\n
Video by Mary Rinzel<\/div>\n

<\/embed>
\nIN THIS VIDEO:<\/strong> Watch video of the first badger ever reported in Milwaukee County – inside the post office of all places! And Liz Kierepka shows us just how her homemade badger hair snares work. (View full size at YouTube.<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kierepka drives to promising sites and outfits any active burrows she finds with homemade hair snares \u2013 combing devices that pluck a few hairs from the animals as they enter the hole. DNA is extracted from the hair in the lab, giving each creature a unique \u201cfingerprint\u201d for tracking purposes.<\/p>\n

Slow going<\/strong><\/p>\n

By early July, the lab had identified 144 distinct animals. That may not sound like a lot, but it isn\u2019t easy tracking badgers.<\/p>\n

Only about 10 percent of the burrows she\u2019s been summoned to are active, says Kierepka, who completed her master\u2019s at Central Michigan University before coming to 51ÁÔÆæ. The animals occupy a burrow for a matter of days before moving on to the next. In summer they can move every day.<\/p>\n

Photo by Liz Kierepka<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Hair<\/a>
The “hair snare” is designed to snag a few hairs from the animals as they enter their burrows. DNA can then be extracted from the root of the hairs.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The snare is designed to snag a few hairs from the animals as they enter their burrows. DNA can then be extracted from the root of the hairs.<\/p>\n

Another reason they are so hard to study? They don\u2019t really have necks, so outfitting badgers with radio-frequency collars is almost impossible.<\/p>\n

She has learned that when it comes to badger behavior, there is a lot of variation. Despite the badgers\u2019 reputation for fierceness, for example, she has never had one attack or come out of the burrow after her.<\/p>\n

The snare sometimes doesn\u2019t fare as well. One badger had angrily removed it. \u201cIt was sitting on top of the burrow, bent, with teeth and claw marks on it,\u201d Kierepka said. \u201cI nicknamed her \u2018Little Miss Growly Pants\u2019 because she was so tiny, but very loud.\u201d<\/p>\n

The DNA advantage<\/strong><\/p>\n

Badgers have been seen in every county in the state. Unfortunately, when the one and only badger sighting in Milwaukee County occurred at the downtown post office last summer, Kierepka was on another call in Juneau County.<\/p>\n

But her extensive travel has paid off. She has isolated the top two \u201chot spots\u201d for badger activity as Central Wisconsin, from Marathon County to Dane, and the northern counties of Bayfield and Ashland (known as \u201cthe Northwest Sands\u201d). Now she is concentrating on collecting enough samples to characterize the role of geographic barriers on badger movements throughout the state.<\/p>\n

Photo by Katie McKenney<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Setting<\/a>
Liz Kierepka, doctoral student in biological sciences, outfits a badger burrow hole with a \u201chair snare\u201d in order to get a DNA sample of the animal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Liz Kierepka, doctoral student in biological sciences, outfits a badger burrow hole with a \u201chair snare\u201d in order to get a DNA sample of the animal.<\/p>\n

How are the badgers on the east side of the Wisconsin River different from those on the west side? Does soil type influence where badgers like to dig burrows? Are there populations of badgers in Wisconsin that are isolated from other populations by roads, cities or other barriers? Do populations harbor sufficient variation to ensure their viability?<\/p>\n

The DNA of individual animals can be charted to offer a road map of distribution and relative abundance across the state, says Latch, who specializes in evolutionary ecology and was a postdoctoral fellow at the National Zoo.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re interested in determining the best conservation and management practices to ensure the persistence of badgers over the long term,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

Badger love<\/strong><\/p>\n

The state DNR is a perfect partner for this study because it is responsible for relocating wild animals reported as nuisances. DNR wardens also collect most of the road kill \u2013 even if citizens find it.<\/p>\n

Photo by Lee and Kathleen Petrina<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Badger<\/a>
The average number of \u201ckits,\u201d or baby badgers, in a natal burrow is two or three.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The average number of \u201ckits,\u201d or baby badgers, in a natal burrow is two or three.<\/p>\n

Dave Sample has seen evidence that badger populations are negatively affected when their native habitat is converted to agricultural land.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey\u2019ve been protected from harvest in Wisconsin since 1955,\u201d says Sample, a grassland ecologist with the DNR\u2019s Bureau of Science Services, \u201cbut we would like to know if a decline in observations over the last decade means we should do more.\u201d<\/p>\n

John Olson, a DNR ecologist based in Ashland, and Brian Sloss, assistant unit leader with the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at UW-Stevens Point, have also been valuable contributors to the study.<\/p>\n

51ÁÔÆæ researchers have encountered much enthusiasm for the small carnivore. \u201cIt\u2019s been a citizen-science-based project,\u201d says Latch. \u201cPeople in Wisconsin love badgers, and that has suited us very well for just this kind of study.\u201d<\/p>\n

Though the project will continue long-term, Kierepka believes she will be finished with burrow visits by next year. The team is also collecting DNA samples from across the country, which will likely continue through 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Maps<\/strong><\/caption>\n
\n
\"Sightings\"<\/a>
Sightings\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n
\n
\"DNA<\/a>
DNA sample sites<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

###<\/p>\n

For more information:<\/p>\n

www.badgerresearch.uwm.edu<\/strong>
\nbadger@uwm.edu<\/a>
\n414-229-4245<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emily Latch is working with the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in gathering DNA samples that will yield new information about the elusive animal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40008,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[139,143],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[],"class_list":["post-109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-science-technology","section-water-environment"],"yoast_head":"\nDoggedly tracking badgers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emily Latch is working with the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in gathering DNA samples that will yield new information about the elusive animal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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