{"id":28998,"date":"2025-02-04T11:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T17:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/?p=28998"},"modified":"2025-03-02T13:34:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T19:34:13","slug":"student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/","title":{"rendered":"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

If you want to understand someone\u2019s overall health, try shaking their hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It might seem strange, but research has shown that the strength of a person\u2019s grip is a good indicator of many aspects of their well-being, from bone density to cognition to cardiovascular health and even mortality risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But what constitutes a strong grip? How strong should a young woman\u2019s grip be, compared to an older man\u2019s? Is a person\u2019s grip strength impacted by their race or their height?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To answer those questions, you don\u2019t need a doctor. You need a data scientist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why Cameron Lee has been so interested in this research. She\u2019s a data science major who just graduated from 51ÁÔÆæ in December, and she also has worked with 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Success Through Aging Research (STAR)<\/a> research program, which encourages diversity in the field of aging research. With help from her mentor, Professor Inga Wang from 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s School of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, Lee has been researching grip strength in hopes that she can make some helpful contributions to the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee\u2019s research project has four goals:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u00a0Examine what factors can impact a person\u2019s grip strength, such as race, sex, age, and body mass index (BMI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Create a mathematical model that scientists can use as a guideline to determine a person\u2019s grip strength based on age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u00a0Follow trends of changes in grip strength over a person\u2019s lifespan to determine what grip strength looks like through childhood, young adulthood, middle age, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Make a machine learning algorithm to predict a person\u2019s grip strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe awesome thing about this is we could guide physicians,\u201d said Lee. \u201cWe could give clinical people potential areas in which they can look, based on these algorithms, to help do more personalized care management around the idea of their patient being frail.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Getting a grip on the data<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grip strength is measured by a tool called a dynamometer, which calculates the force exerted by a person\u2019s forearm muscles. The Centers for Disease Control collected data on grip strength from 2011-14 and released it as part of their\u00a0National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys<\/a> published annually. It was from these surveys that Lee drew her data \u2013 and it was a lot <\/em>of data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s where data science comes in. Data scientists often work with data sets that are so big they can\u2019t be parsed by a single person, even with the aid of a computer. Data scientists often use machine learning to help them make sense of the information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s just what Lee did. She built an algorithm to teach the computer what sort of information she was looking for and the patterns she wanted it to recognize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, she designed her algorithm to look at examples of someone\u2019s grip strength based on their sex and race. Given that information, she can tell her program, \u201cNow that you\u2019ve seen this set of people, here are new people. Predict their age groups based on prior people,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee\u2019s work continues: \u201cWhat I am hoping to do is create an electronic frailty index to predict whether someone is frail or not,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health care professionals rely on several indicators to measure a person\u2019s frailty, including walking speed, involuntary weight loss, activity level, and exhaustion, as well as grip strength. Obviously, said Lee, some of those tests can be difficult to perform on patients who are injured or sick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe idea of this electronic frailty index is to use past \u2026 data like their blood or their urine samples. Can we use those things to predict frailty, and what markers are we looking for?\u201d Lee said. \u201cThe issue is, can these laboratory tests actually do that? Can they measure weakness or exhaustion? That\u2019s why grip strength research is preliminary research to this bigger project.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee will be conducting her work as part of the STAR post-baccalaureate program at 51ÁÔÆæ over the next year, and she\u2019s applied to begin her PhD work at 51ÁÔÆæ with Wang as her advisor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health and research<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"A
Cameron Lee shows off her poster at the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Conference held in Dallas, Texas, on Oct. 29-Nov. 3, 2024.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lee has presented her work at seven conferences, including the Conference of Undergraduate Research in Long Beach, California; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Conference in Dallas; and the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minoritized Scientists in Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She hopes to become an epidemiologist with the National Institutes of Health or the World Health Organization in the future, where she could lead public health studies. After all, data science is a useful tool beyond measuring grip strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s so interdisciplinary,\u201d said Lee. \u201cWe can answer questions like, what kind of populations are more susceptible to (certain diseases) based on the data records? Can we predict that? What are the actual statistics of people becoming sick? \u2026 It fits in every single area \u2013 aging, cancer, health disparities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee was always a \u201cmath kid,\u201d but during the COVID-19 pandemic, she grew interested in public health. She transferred to 51ÁÔÆæ from Lakeland University to pursue a greater variety of public health and machine learning classes. She\u2019s grateful that 51ÁÔÆæ gave her the tools to pursue her passions \u2013 especially research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cResearch is for everyone, whether they believe it or not,\u201d Lee said. \u201cIt exposes to me things that I just never would have thought about or realized were part of this world, and I get to meet the brightest, smartest people, and we get to share our experiences with each other. I think there\u2019s never-ending opportunity, and I\u2019m really confident in the foundations I\u2019ve built here at 51ÁÔÆæ.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s data you can rely on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Sarah Vickery, College of Letters & Science<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If you want to understand someone\u2019s overall health, try shaking their hand. It might seem strange, but research has shown that the strength of a person\u2019s grip is a good indicator of many aspects of their well-being, from bone density …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":785,"featured_media":28999,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[1848,1648,1956,1946,1846],"tags":[1852],"class_list":["post-28998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alumni-student-news","category-in-focus","category-in-focus-2025","category-in-focus-spotlight","category-research-news","tag-february"],"yoast_head":"\nLetters & Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If you want to understand someone\u2019s overall health, try shaking their hand. It might seem strange, but research has shown that the strength of a person\u2019s grip is a good indicator of many aspects of their well-being, from bone density …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Letters & Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\"},\"headline\":\"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":984,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"February\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Alumni and Student News\",\"In Focus\",\"In Focus 2025\",\"In Focus Spotlight\",\"Research News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/\",\"name\":\"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength - Letters & Science\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp\",\"width\":720,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"Cameron Lee receives the College of Engineering and Applied Science undergraduate poster award in 2024.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"In Focus\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Alumni and Student News\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus\\\/alumni-student-news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/\",\"name\":\"Letters & Science\",\"description\":\"College of\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\",\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Sarah Vickery\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Letters & Science","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength","og_description":"If you want to understand someone\u2019s overall health, try shaking their hand. It might seem strange, but research has shown that the strength of a person\u2019s grip is a good indicator of many aspects of their well-being, from bone density …","og_url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/","og_site_name":"Letters & Science","article_published_time":"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Sarah Vickery","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sarah Vickery","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/"},"author":{"name":"Sarah Vickery","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453"},"headline":"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength","datePublished":"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/"},"wordCount":984,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp","keywords":["February"],"articleSection":["Alumni and Student News","In Focus","In Focus 2025","In Focus Spotlight","Research News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/","name":"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength - Letters & Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp","datePublished":"2025-02-04T17:01:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-02T19:34:13+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/02\/Cameron-Lee-CEAS-poster-award.webp","width":720,"height":480,"caption":"Cameron Lee receives the College of Engineering and Applied Science undergraduate poster award in 2024."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/student-data-scientist-studies-health-via-grip-strength\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"In Focus","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Alumni and Student News","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus\/alumni-student-news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Student data scientist studies health via grip strength"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/","name":"Letters & Science","description":"College of","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453","name":"Sarah Vickery","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Sarah Vickery"}}]}},"acf":[],"meta_fields":{"_edit_lock":["1740944055:12944"],"_thumbnail_id":["28999"],"_edit_last":["12944"],"feat_img_video":[""],"feat_img_gallery":[""],"feat_img_caption":["feat-img-caption-on"],"breadcrumbs_display":["breadcrumbs-on"],"otp_nav_display":["otp-on-mobile"],"post_layout":["post-layout-theme"],"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":["1848"],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["90"],"_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["5"],"_yoast_indexnow_last_ping":["1740944053"],"_uwm_wg_content_review_log":["a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:11:\"reviewer_id\";i:0;s:6:\"status\";s:5:\"reset\";s:10:\"entry_date\";s:19:\"2026-03-01 02:10:19\";s:16:\"priority_content\";s:0:\"\";s:4:\"note\";s:43:\"Content review reset at start of new cycle.\";}}"]},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-22 23:20:16","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/785"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28998"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29250,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28998\/revisions\/29250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}