{"id":28454,"date":"2024-10-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/?p=28454"},"modified":"2024-11-01T15:17:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T20:17:48","slug":"for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/","title":{"rendered":"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

For the first time, a compound discovered at the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD)<\/a> has been approved to enter human clinical trials. The drug is under development by Damona Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs to reverse cognitive deficits associated with brain disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s the first step of testing the drug in humans that, if successful, paves the way for the drug to become a medicine available for patient treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The drug was discovered in part by Jim Cook, who has emeritus status but still performs research as an adjunct professor in 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s Chemistry & Biochemistry Department. He is also one of the founders of MIDD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Operating under the umbrella of the Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, MIDD advances research and late-stage development of new drugs. The Institute draws its members from various departments across 51ÁÔÆæ. Researchers have worked on compounds that target asthma, breast cancer, epilepsy, pain and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Developing a drug<\/strong>
Cook is retired, but when he worked at MIDD, he developed compounds that were derivatives of benzodiazepines. That\u2019s the same category of drugs that includes anxiety medications like Valium and Xanax \u2013 \u201cBoth of which have bad side effects,\u201d Cook said. \u201cThey\u2019re sedating, they cause amnesia, and they\u2019re addictive. Now they\u2019re both great minor tranquilizers, don\u2019t get me wrong, but they have problems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, Cook and his colleagues tried to design compounds without those side effects by targeting a different receptor in the brain than the receptors that previous drugs bind to. They came up with several iterations and even licensed some to pharmacological companies, including Bristol Myers Squibb, but for various reasons, the drugs were never brought to full trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then one of Cook\u2019s compounds caught the eye of a researcher named Etienne Sibille, who is the deputy director and senior scientist in the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the University of Toronto and the Chief Scientific Officer and a co-founder of Damona Pharmaceuticals. Together, they tweaked the design to increase its efficacy until they came up with a candidate that achieved impressive results in preclinical studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf you take a young mouse and let it live for six months, what happens is the neurons, the axons and dendrites and synapses (brain cells) start to die. You give them my compound, and they start to grow back, almost immediately to where they were in a young mouse,\u201d Cook said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depression can have a similar effect \u2013 a depressed mouse will have the same shortened dendrites and axons as aging mice. Sibille administered the compound to mice with depression, and the mice appeared to return to baseline with no depression symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drug trials and tribulations<\/strong>
Damona is initially focused on developing the compound to treat cognitive deficits associated with depression and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, but Cook is hopeful that it may eventually be a treatment for schizophrenia as well. For now, the FDA has approved Damona\u2019s application to study its safety in treating cognitive deficits associated with depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In FDA Phase 1 trials, \u201cwhat you\u2019re doing is giving the compounds to healthy individuals and making sure there\u2019s no toxicity,\u201d Cook said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In essence, Phase 1 is a safety study. The FDA recruits about 20-100 individuals to take the drug and has doctors monitor its impact to determine its side effects and a safe dosage range. If it\u2019s deemed safe, the drug will go on to Phase 2 trials, where it will be administered on a larger scale to evaluate its efficacy in treating cognitive deficits in people with depression. If it passes Phase 2 trials, Phase 3 trials see the drug administered to hundreds, if not thousands, of patients to study its effectiveness, monitor side effects, and compare it to commonly used treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If a drug passes all three phases, it can be approved for use in humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But it\u2019s a long shot, Cook warned. Less than 10% of drugs make it through all three phases, and each drug trial is expensive, costing millions of dollars. In addition, drugmakers must pay yearly fees to keep their patents, which can add up when they have filed for patents in multiple countries. It\u2019s why many chemists with small start-up companies will often license their products to biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, which can afford the expenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rewards could be high<\/strong>
Going through FDA trials means a lot of risk with many roadblocks, but the reward is high. If the drug were to pass clinical trials and become available for the consumer market, \u201cWe would make money,\u201d Cook said frankly. \u201cUW-Milwaukee and the 51ÁÔÆæ Research Foundation and MIDD would get money.\u201d Royalties from drug sales would be distributed to all inventors, though the lion\u2019s share would go to the drug company that will ultimately sell and market the compound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But more than the potential payday, Cook and his colleagues stay motivated through the hard work, the bureaucratic red tape, and the numerous roadblocks to success because they want to help people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe want to be able to treat patients and feel like we cured somebody,\u201d Cook said. \u201cMost medicinal chemists feel this way.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even if their drugs don\u2019t make it out of trial or end up curing patients, researchers can still publish their findings in academic papers. Their work might help another chemist make a groundbreaking discovery that will someday aid patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And who knows? Those drugs might just be developed at MIDD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Sarah Vickery, College of Letters & Science<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the first time, a compound discovered at the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD) has been approved to enter human clinical trials. The drug is under development by Damona Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs to reverse cognitive deficits …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":785,"featured_media":28455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[1648,1945,1946,1846],"tags":[1860],"class_list":["post-28454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-focus","category-in-focus-2024","category-in-focus-spotlight","category-research-news","tag-october"],"yoast_head":"\nLetters & Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the first time, a compound discovered at the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD) has been approved to enter human clinical trials. The drug is under development by Damona Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs to reverse cognitive deficits …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Letters & Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\"},\"headline\":\"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":928,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"October\"],\"articleSection\":[\"In Focus\",\"In Focus 2024\",\"In Focus Spotlight\",\"Research News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/\",\"name\":\"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials - Letters & Science\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/255\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp\",\"width\":720,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"James Cook and the Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery helped discover a drug that has been approved to enter Phase 1 clinical trials by Damona Pharmaceuticals. (51ÁÔÆæ Photo\\\/Troye Fox)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"In Focus Spotlight\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/in-focus-spotlight\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/\",\"name\":\"Letters & Science\",\"description\":\"College of\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/letters-science\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\",\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Sarah Vickery\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Letters & Science","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials","og_description":"For the first time, a compound discovered at the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD) has been approved to enter human clinical trials. The drug is under development by Damona Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs to reverse cognitive deficits …","og_url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/","og_site_name":"Letters & Science","article_published_time":"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Sarah Vickery","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sarah Vickery","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/"},"author":{"name":"Sarah Vickery","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453"},"headline":"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials","datePublished":"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/"},"wordCount":928,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp","keywords":["October"],"articleSection":["In Focus","In Focus 2024","In Focus Spotlight","Research News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/","name":"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials - Letters & Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp","datePublished":"2024-10-01T17:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-01T20:17:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2024\/09\/Jim-Cook-lab.webp","width":720,"height":480,"caption":"James Cook and the Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery helped discover a drug that has been approved to enter Phase 1 clinical trials by Damona Pharmaceuticals. (51ÁÔÆæ Photo\/Troye Fox)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/for-the-first-time-a-drug-developed-at-uwm-enters-fda-clinical-trials\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"In Focus Spotlight","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/in-focus-spotlight\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"For the first time, a drug discovered at 51ÁÔÆæ approved to begin clinical trials"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/","name":"Letters & Science","description":"College of","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453","name":"Sarah Vickery","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdc2a8fd73cb2a506bc8cb0bf544eba2c6d61ac223cedb9612c0d7b103a86b28?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Sarah Vickery"}}]}},"acf":[],"meta_fields":{"_edit_lock":["1730494668:19040"],"_thumbnail_id":["28455"],"_edit_last":["6745"],"feat_img_video":[""],"feat_img_gallery":[""],"feat_img_caption":["feat-img-caption-on"],"breadcrumbs_display":["breadcrumbs-on"],"otp_nav_display":["otp-on-mobile"],"post_layout":["post-layout-theme"],"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":["1946"],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["5"],"_uwm_wg_content_review_log":["a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:11:\"reviewer_id\";i:0;s:6:\"status\";s:5:\"reset\";s:10:\"entry_date\";s:19:\"2026-03-01 02:10:19\";s:16:\"priority_content\";s:0:\"\";s:4:\"note\";s:43:\"Content review reset at start of new cycle.\";}}"]},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-23 08:13:51","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/785"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28454"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28625,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28454\/revisions\/28625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/letters-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}