{"id":341,"date":"2021-12-10T09:43:47","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T15:43:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/freespeech\/?post_type=faqs&p=341"},"modified":"2022-03-13T22:40:59","modified_gmt":"2022-03-14T03:40:59","slug":"does-the-first-amendment-apply-to-public-universities","status":"publish","type":"faqs","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/freespeech\/faqs\/does-the-first-amendment-apply-to-public-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"Does the First Amendment apply to public universities?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The U.S. Supreme Court has long held that the First Amendment\u2019s freedom of speech tenets fully apply to public universities. In Healy v. James<\/em>\u00a0(1972)<\/a>, the Supreme Court declared that \u201cthe precedents of this Court leave no room for the view that\u2026First Amendment protections should apply with less force on college campuses than in the community at large.\u201d The Supreme Court proclaimed in\u00a0Healy<\/em>\u00a0that \u201c[t]he college classroom with its surrounding environs is peculiarly the \u2018marketplace of ideas.\u2019\u201d All educational institutions that receive federal funds are required annually\u00a0to educate students of their constitutional rights<\/a>\u00a0and the legal framework that guarantees those rights.<\/p>\n

On a large and diverse university campus, it is inevitable that you will encounter ideas with which you disagree or that you find offensive. However, as explained in the\u00a0Chicago Statement<\/a>, a university has a \u201ccommitment to free, robust, and uninhibited debate and deliberation among all members of the University\u2019s community.\u201d Disagreement during discussion is often a productive part of the learning process.<\/p>\n

Civil discussions are often the most constructive ones, and 51ÁÔÆæ promotes civility in its classroom activities and planned events. However, uncivil expression receives a level of protection under the First Amendment as well, and public universities must tolerate this type of speech. Otherwise, calls for civility may be used to censor certain ideas, a precedent that would significantly endanger non-majority viewpoints and stifle intellectual candor. As the Supreme Court reasoned in\u00a0Terminiello v. Chicago<\/em>\u00a0(1949)<\/a>, \u201ca function of free speech under our system of government is to invite dispute.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The U.S. Supreme Court has long held that the First Amendment\u2019s freedom of speech tenets fully apply to public universities. In Healy v. 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