{"id":16819,"date":"2026-01-21T10:19:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T16:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=16819"},"modified":"2026-01-22T10:32:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T16:32:19","slug":"giant-leopard-moth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/giant-leopard-moth\/","title":{"rendered":"Giant Leopard Moth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Honorary BugFan Lisa sent the BugLady a picture of her glove posed next to a big, fat caterpillar and asked if it might be a wooly bear.\u00a0There are a number of species of caterpillars that are called wooly bears, but the wooly bear in question is the caterpillar of the Isabella Tiger Moth, a caterpillar that has found a place in folklore for its <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/wooly-bear-caterpillar-again\/\">(supposed) ability to predict winter weather<\/a>.\u00a0When a wooly bear has wide, black bands, it\u2019s predicting a harsh winter.\u00a0Mistaking this black caterpillar for a wooly bear that\u2019s gone all in for an Armageddon winter is a common mistake \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turns out that the caterpillar was something less common and way more exciting, and coincidentally, the BugLady had found a similar caterpillar in the same area earlier in fall. She\u2019s seen one adult tucked up under the eaves in Ohio and would love to find another.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/01\/moth-leopard-lisa-240x300.webp\" alt=\"Black Leopard Moth next to a glove for size comparison\" class=\"wp-image-16821\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/01\/moth-leopard-lisa-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/01\/moth-leopard-lisa-768x959.webp 768w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/01\/moth-leopard-lisa.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Giant\/Great Leopard Moths,<\/strong> aka Eyed Tiger Moths (<em>Hypercompe<\/em>\u00a0<em>scribonia<\/em>) (also called \u201c<em>fever worms<\/em>\u201d in Missouri) are in the family Erebidae \u2014 Erebidae comes from the Greek Erebus, which means \u201c<em>from the darkness<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0 The family was created from parts of several other moth families, and it includes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1548841\/bgpage\">Tiger<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2144967\/bgimage\">Lichen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/987864\/bgpage\">Tussock<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2284502\/bgimage\">Underwing<\/a> moths, among others, whose subfamilies and tribes have some pretty spiffy members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for Giant Leopard Moths in grasslands and along woodland edges from the Great Plains to the Atlantic and from far southern Ontario through Texas to South America.&nbsp; They are widespread but are not considered common within their range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one spectacular moth!\u00a0 Some individuals are more \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1852552\/bgimage\">dotted<\/a>\u201d\u00a0than \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2265267\/bgimage\">eyed<\/a>,&#8221; and those beautiful, black and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/977160\/bgimage\">white wings hide a colorful body<\/a>.\u00a0And then there are the blue spots, more prominent in some individuals than in others (and again \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1967173\/bgimage\">how does iridescence benefit a nocturnal species<\/a>?).\u00a0And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2254472\/bgimage\">they\u2019re sizeable moths<\/a>,with a wingspread exceeding three inches. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1388256\/bgimage\">Females are a bit larger than males<\/a>.)\u00a0There are six other members in the genus\u00a0<em>Hypercompe<\/em>\u00a0in North America, mostly western or Texan, and they all have a similar gestalt.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ohio blogger Jim McCormac notes that, counterintuitively, this brilliant moth can be difficult to see on a tree trunk, its shape broken up by the pattern of dots and eyes. It has been theorized that the bold, black and white wings may be a kind of aposematic (warning) coloration because the moths do have a chemical defense \u2014 when alarmed, they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1586453\/bgimage\">exude drops of bad-tasting, yellow liquid from their thorax<\/a>.\u00a0The moths will flip their wings up and display their technicolor body, possibly a behavioral defense to scare predators. Apparently, no one knows if they\u2019re palatable to birds, and the BugLady didn\u2019t find any accounts of enterprising scientists who admitted to tasting one. (Don\u2019t laugh\u2014someone tried a Viceroy butterfly. It&#8217;s not toxic like its Monarch look-a-like, but bitter because the caterpillar eats willow leaves.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Older caterpillars, which may grow to three inches long, have red spiracles (breathing pores) in a line along their sides, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/58331\">red bands between the segments<\/a>.\u00a0The BugLady once used the metaphor of a demure woman whose undergarments are red, but she may well have borrowed that phrase from somewhere.\u00a0Some fuzzy caterpillars have irritating hairs, but not Giant Leopard Moths.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adults mate, a process that may take as long as a day and include walking from sunny to shady spots as needed.\u00a0 Eggs are laid on one of the species\u2019 many host plants, which include some woody plants (maples, willows, cherries, and mulberries), but mostly a variety of low-growing, bitter, herbaceous plants like dandelions, broad-leaved plantain, violets, and, surprisingly, broccoli and cabbage. Caterpillars are nocturnal eaters that hide under leaf litter or tree bark during the day.\u00a0Adults do not feed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They overwinter as caterpillars, often under the bark of decaying trees, fortified by a natural glycerol antifreeze.\u00a0 Jim Sogaard, in\u00a0&#8220;Moths and Caterpillars of the North Woods&#8221;\u00a0(a great little book that\u2019s currently out-of-print, so snap one up if you find one) writes that \u201c<em>Caterpillars can survive temperatures of 26.6 degrees F. with 45% of their body water frozen to ice but perish when temperatures reach 14 degrees F<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0Like the wooly bear, caterpillars may rouse during mid-winter thaws and take a hike, only to tuck themselves in again when winter returns.\u00a0There\u2019s one generation per year in the north and multiple generations in the south, where the final generation of caterpillars overwinters. They form a cocoon in spring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/caterpillars\/\" rel=\"tag\">Caterpillars<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/giant-leopard-moth\/\" rel=\"tag\">Giant Leopard Moth<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/moths\/\" rel=\"tag\">Moths<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Howdy, BugFans, Honorary BugFan Lisa sent the BugLady a picture of her glove posed next to a big, fat caterpillar and asked if it might be a wooly bear.\u00a0There are a number of species of caterpillars that are called wooly &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":16820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[158,981,79],"class_list":["post-16819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-caterpillars","tag-giant-leopard-moth","tag-moths"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/giant-leopard-moth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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