{"id":14497,"date":"2023-12-13T13:47:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T19:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=14497"},"modified":"2023-12-13T13:49:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T19:49:57","slug":"black-zale-moth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/black-zale-moth\/","title":{"rendered":"Black Zale Moth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"size-p-sm\">Note: Most links leave to external sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Greetings, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Zale<\/em>\u00a0moths (thank goodness) are\u00a0<em>not<\/em>\u00a0small and grayish (the moth equivalent of LBJ\u2019s &#8211; \u201clittle brown jobs\u201d \u2013 the birding acronym for the sparrow group), and thus they are not destined to languish unidentified in the BugLady\u2019s \u201cX-files\u201d for too long.\u00a0They\u2019re in the moth family Erebidae (from the Latin \u201c<em>erebus<\/em>,\u201d meaning \u201c<em>from the darkness<\/em>\u201d), which contains lots of colorful and familiar groups, like the Underwings, Tiger moths, Tussock and Lichen moths, and\u00a0<em>Zales<\/em>. It also includes the BugLady\u2019s personal nemesis moth, the <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/black-witch-moth\/\">Black Witch<\/a>, one of which may have flown past her house this summer while the BugLady was inside, spotted by a guest who later asked \u201cwhat kind of moth is big, dark, and kind of tattered-looking?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pronounced \u201c<em>ZAH\u2019 lay,<\/em>\u201d the genus contains almost 40 species in North America.\u00a0Adults have wingspreads between 1 \u00bd\u201d and 2,\u201d with wings that are camouflaged and at the same time are often strikingly patterned and even iridescent [ <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1713943\/bgimage\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/647825\/bgimage\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2080306\/bgimage\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1731967\/bgimage\">4<\/a> ]. And, of course, their wings have those neat little scallops on the edges.\u00a0<em>Zale<\/em>\u00a0moths are nocturnal, with paired hearing organs on the thorax that allow them to detect the calls of hunting bats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wagner\u2019s&nbsp;<em><u>Caterpillars of Eastern North America<\/u><\/em>&nbsp;calls the&nbsp;<em>Zales<\/em>&nbsp;\u201c<em>a large and taxonomically challenging genus.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Female\u00a0<em>Zales<\/em>\u00a0lay about 200 eggs that hatch in a few weeks, spend a month as caterpillars, and live less than a month as adults.\u00a0Bugguide.net describes\u00a0<em>Zale<\/em>\u00a0caterpillars as \u201c<em>exceptionally muscular \u2026.\u00a0capable of hurling themselves from their perch when alarmed<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0They feed on young leaves by night &#8211; some species eat deciduous leaves, and others prefer conifer needles.\u00a0Wagner, et al, in\u00a0Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America, says that\u00a0caterpillars of some species \u201c<em>are leaf clippers that chew through the petiole, dropping any evidence of feeding activity to the forest floor; the chewed leaves might otherwise be used by birds to locate caterpillars<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0With a few notable exceptions, like the <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2108403\/bgpage\">Okefenokee Zale<\/a>, the caterpillars are pretty drab and twig-like.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BLACK ZALES (<em>Zale undularis<\/em>) are found near their host plants \u2013 Black locust and Honey locusts. One source speculated that as Black locust has spread from its original range, the Black Zale has followed it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brief Aside: Black locust is a native species that is considered invasive outside its original range, including in Wisconsin.\u00a0Wikipedia tells us that \u201c<em>The exact native range is not known\u2026The native range is thought to be two separate populations, one centered about the Appalachian Mountains, from Pennsylvania to northern Georgia, and a second westward focused around the Ozark Plateau and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri.<\/em>\u201c Whatever its native range, Black locust has been planted extensively throughout the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although it\u2019s a valuable wildlife plant (hosting, among other things, 67 species of Lepidoptera, while providing cover and seeds for other animals), it has a bad habit of taking over and turning grassland habitats into shady ones (it\u2019s a pioneer \u2013 a sun-loving species that produces enough shade for mid-tolerant woody species to establish themselves). The roots of the BugLady\u2019s big locusts are holding the dune together, so she has a moral dilemma.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another Brief Aside: The moth was photographed on a layer of wood chips that covers a huge piece of cardboard that covers a nasty, aggressive, persistent ground cover plant called Bishop\u2019s weed (<em>Aegopodium podagraria)<\/em>, aka goutweed, snow-on-the-mountain (a version of Bishop\u2019s weed that has variegated leaves), and a bunch of names that have four letters.\u00a0The BugLady\u2019s minions have been fighting it for a few years with fire, vinegar, and now cardboard. If you don\u2019t have bishop\u2019s weed, don\u2019t plant it, no matter what the nursery folks say, and if you\u2019ve successfully gotten rid of it (without nuking it with chemicals), please tell the BugLady how. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OK &#8211; Back to bugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like most of the\u00a0<em>Zales<\/em>, Black Zales are eastern(-ish) moths;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbuggude.net%2F&amp;data=05%7C02%7Cxiong688%40uwm.edu%7C94b968741b1b47ce3cb308dbfb8d3e61%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C0%7C0%7C638380356317579763%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=Wv5TZtIhbZPesPICqgWySTGqIRKzmJHHI%2FCdb6dRaQA%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">buggude.net<\/a>\u00a0says that they\u2019re found from Manitoba and Minnesota to New Brunswick, south to Florida and Arkansas.\u00a0And, like most of the\u00a0<em>Zales<\/em>, Black Zales can show a lot of variation in color and pattern [ <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/323477\/bgimage\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/114949\/bgimage\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/43366\/bgimage\">3<\/a> ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adults are mainly seen in the first half of summer, though they can be hard to find when they\u2019re <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1204274\/bgimage\">sitting on a tree trunk<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu\/species.php?hodges=8695\">caterpillars can be hard to spot<\/a> at all, especially when they&#8217;re feeding on the undersides of leaves.\u00a0They overwinter on the ground as pupae, in leaf litter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wagner, in\u00a0Caterpillars of Eastern North America, says that \u201c<em>Zale caterpillars are highly mobile as first instars, often wandering long distances before they begin feeding.\u00a0Most prefer young leaf tissue, especially in early instars, then consume older leaves and needles in late instars.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Don\u2019t let the nursery folks sell you Black locusts, either.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/black-zale-moths\/\" rel=\"tag\">Black Zale Moths<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/bugs\/\" rel=\"tag\">bugs<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/caterpillars\/\" rel=\"tag\">Caterpillars<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/insects\/\" rel=\"tag\">insects<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/moths\/\" rel=\"tag\">Moths<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/zale-moths\/\" rel=\"tag\">Zale Moths<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note: Most links leave to external sites. Greetings, BugFans, Zale\u00a0moths (thank goodness) are\u00a0not\u00a0small and grayish (the moth equivalent of LBJ\u2019s &#8211; \u201clittle brown jobs\u201d \u2013 the birding acronym for the sparrow group), and thus they are not destined to languish &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32664,"featured_media":14499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[736,607,158,614,79,737],"class_list":["post-14497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-black-zale-moths","tag-bugs","tag-caterpillars","tag-insects","tag-moths","tag-zale-moths"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/black-zale-moth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Black Zale Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note: Most links leave to external sites. 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