{"id":11375,"date":"2020-03-11T09:23:44","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T14:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=11375"},"modified":"2020-03-11T09:25:49","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T14:25:49","slug":"texas-ironclad-beetle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/texas-ironclad-beetle\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Ironclad Beetle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n<p>When BugFan Kine sent this \u201cwhat is it\u201d picture, the BugLady\u2019s first reaction was to raise her hand and say \u201cTeacher, teacher! Ask me! Ask me!\u201d She didn\u2019t recall its name, but she knew she had seen a picture of it in <em>Kaufman\u2019s Field Guide to Insects of North America<\/em> (it\u2019s also in the <em>Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders<\/em>). It has the look of a darkling beetle (family <em>Tenebrionidae<\/em>), but it\u2019s in the (fairly closely-related) family <em>Zopheridae<\/em> (no common name) and the subfamily <em>Zopherinae<\/em> &#8211; the ironclad beetles. Thanks, Kine!<\/p>\n<p>Not a Wisconsin beetle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fascinating Ironclad Beetle Fact #1:<\/strong> They\u2019re called Ironclad beetles because they have a phenomenally strong exoskeleton. So strong that you can\u2019t kill them by stepping on them (in the words of Alejandro Santillana of the University of Texas, \u201cStep on one and it will probably just give a coleopteran shrug and walk away.\u201d). So strong that if you are able to kill one, you can\u2019t mount it on an insect pin without first drilling a hole in it.<\/p>\n<p>There are 19 species in the genus <em>Zopherus<\/em>, and they\u2019re found from Venezuela to Texas, west to California, including Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. Ten species of <em>Zopherus<\/em> live in North America. <em>Zopherus<\/em> means \u201cdusky\u201d or \u201cgloomy\u201d in Greek (today\u2019s beetle is the flashiest) &#8211; here are a few other species:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/919514\/bgpage\">https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/919514\/bgpage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1179173\/bgimage\">https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1179173\/bgimage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1374967\/bgimage\">https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1374967\/bgimage<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kine\u2019s beetle, the Texas or Southwestern ironclad beetle (<em>Zopherus nodulosus haldemani<\/em>) also comes in an <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/389911\">all-black model.<\/a> Its <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/686104\/bgimage\">ventral side is fancy<\/a>, and so is <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/269544\/bgimage\">its face<\/a>. Like other family members, its head is partly sheltered\/pulled under the front edge of the thorax, making it look like it\u2019s thinking about a somersault.<\/p>\n<p>One source says that Texas ironclad beetles look as though a random bunch of black paint droplets fell on them (another source suggests that they\u2019re bird-poop mimics). <em>Nodulosus<\/em> refers to the lumps\/nodes on the beetle\u2019s back, especially on the elytra (wing covers), and this species also has four noticeable tubercles on the rear edge of the elytra.<\/p>\n<p>The job of the elytra, which are the hardened, front pair of flying wings, is to protect the membranous flying wings that are folded beneath them, a beetle invention that allows them to crawl under logs and rocks without shredding those delicate wings. But Mother Nature has played a little trick here &#8211; beetles in this genus, indeed, in this family, often lack flying wings, and their elytra are fused together. No flying wings = no flying.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11380 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/03\/ironclad-beetle2rz.jpg\" alt=\"Ironclad Beetle\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/03\/ironclad-beetle2rz.jpg 700w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/03\/ironclad-beetle2rz-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>They live in east and central Texas, south into northeastern Mexico. Adults are sometimes seen on the trunks of pecan, oak, and elm trees where, despite\/because of their coloration, they blend in pretty well. The larvae are found in dead trees and may eat fungi within the rotting wood, but in his blog arrantsoutdoors, Josh Arrants says that \u201cWe are sure it eats lichens, dead wood and plant material, even taking fungi\u2026. We also believe that all stages of (<em>Zopherus nodulosus haldemani<\/em>) eat lichens on dead, or mostly dead, trees.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There is very little biographical information about this striking, relatively-common-within-its-range, inch-long beetle! Presumably, eggs are laid in bark crevices, which, says Arrants, provides \u201ca highly probable area for the larvae to be able to find and consume lichens.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1506208\/bgimage\">Here\u2019s a mating pair<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fascinating Ironclad Beetle Fact #2:<\/strong> In her article about them in the Texas Co-op Power newsletter, Sheryl Smith-Rodgers calls them \u201cLazarus bugs.\u201d On several occasions, she fished \u201cdead\u201d beetles from the bottom of water buckets, only to have them revive and walk away. They are even hard to kill with the standard-issue insect killing jars.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fascinating Ironclad Beetle Fact #3:<\/strong> When alarmed, Ironclad beetles play dead (tonic immobility or death feigning or thanatosis are fancier names), and they can play for longer than most people have the patience to wait for their revival. They curl up their legs and tuck in <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/686069\/bgimage\">their antennae to protect them<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fascinating Ironclad Beetle Fact #4:<\/strong> With the help of some glue and sparkly stones, some genus members, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zopherus#\/media\/File:Zopheridae_jewelry_sjh.jpg\">this species<\/a>, are used as live jewelry in parts of Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MIND-BLOWING Ironclad Beetle Fact:<\/strong> Science, of course, is interested in this impenetrable insect. The composition of the layers of its exoskeleton have been parsed, and the potential applications are pretty amazing. It is being \u201ccopied\u201d in a design for the suspension system of combat vehicles, with the hope that it can bounce back after an IED or other explosion. Even better, First Place in the 2018 NASA competition to design habitats for Mars (the 3D Printed Habitat Challenge) went to <a href=\"https:\/\/armoneyandpolitics.com\/arkansas-architect-nasa-competition-mars\/\">Team Zopherus!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mother Nature creates, and man imitates.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When BugFan Kine sent this \u201cwhat is it\u201d picture, the BugLady\u2019s first reaction was to raise her hand and say \u201cTeacher, teacher! Ask me! Ask me!\u201d She didn\u2019t recall its name, but she knew she had seen a picture of it in <em>Kaufman\u2019s Field Guide to Insects of North America<\/em> (it\u2019s also in the <em>Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5995,"featured_media":11379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-11375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-beetles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/texas-ironclad-beetle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Ironclad Beetle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When BugFan Kine sent this \u201cwhat is it\u201d picture, the BugLady\u2019s first reaction was to raise her hand and say \u201cTeacher, teacher! 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