{"id":23402,"date":"2025-03-26T12:09:08","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T17:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/?p=23402"},"modified":"2025-03-28T09:56:05","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T14:56:05","slug":"smelling-success-better-air-fresheners-among-new-provisional-patents-from-college","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/smelling-success-better-air-fresheners-among-new-provisional-patents-from-college\/","title":{"rendered":"Smelling success: better air fresheners among new provisional patents from college"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Wick-based air fresheners and insect repellents are multi-billion-dollar markets, and yet the products could work better: Their effects often fade before the liquid within them is depleted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem, says mechanical engineering professor Krishna Pillai, is that heavier molecules clog the wick, slowing evaporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLighter molecules evaporate first, leaving the heavier ones behind,\u201d said Pillai, who encountered this problem with working with SC Johnson years ago. \u201cIt\u2019s like a traffic jam where there are no small cars that can quickly move through small spaces, only big trucks that clog the road.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pillai and doctoral student Abul Borkot Md Rafiqul Hasan have developed a next-generation device to solve this problem. Their innovation, which improves the evaporation rate of volatile liquids, has earned a provisional patent \u2013 one of six filed from the college in the past year (see sidebar).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/patent.box_.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/patent.box_.3.jpg 500w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/patent.box_.3-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The science of wicking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wicking is a common way of moving a liquid without a power source using a porous channel, Pillai said. The process works by \u201ccapillary action\u201d \u2013 liquid is drawn upward into the porous material through the forces of adhesion and surface tension. But the lighter molecules evaporate more quickly, leaving the heavier molecules to accumulate and clog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To fix this, the researchers created a device with three rotating wicks. As they move in and out of a liquid reservoir, they pass in front of a fan, ensuring better dispersion and circumventing the logjam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept could work for dispersal in room-sized areas or for entire buildings if integrated with HVAC systems, Pillai said. Another application could be insect control in outdoor areas, such as arenas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Testing various scenarios<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With help from two undergraduates, the team tested five different designs using three substances similar to fragrances. Each of the substances \u2013 Hexadecane, Dodecane and Decane \u2013 are hydrocarbons with different-sized molecules. Hexadecane is the heaviest and Decane is the lightest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/wicking.detail.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/wicking.detail.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/537\/2025\/03\/wicking.detail-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>In this simple demonstration, the blue liquid moves upward through the wick by itself. But Pillai lab members found that lighter molecules in traditional air fresheners fragrances reach the top and evaporate first, leading to clogging and premature fading.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The team recorded evaporation rates for multiple designs of dispensing devices over 24 hours, said Hasan, while also analyzing surface area, airflow velocity, and molecular concentration. The final prototype achieved the highest evaporation with the least remaining concentration of Decane in the reservoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBridging the gap between theoretical and experimental, and then seeing the device function as intended, was an incredibly fulfilling experience,\u201d said Hasan, whose doctoral research focuses on how temperature variations influence liquid transport in porous structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research with the prototype device has just been published in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S001793102500050X\">International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wick-based air fresheners and insect repellents are multi-billion-dollar markets, and yet the products could work better: Their effects often fade before the liquid within them is depleted. The problem, says mechanical engineering professor Krishna Pillai, is that heavier molecules clog &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":23403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[25,67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>College of Engineering &amp; Applied Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/engineering\/smelling-success-better-air-fresheners-among-new-provisional-patents-from-college\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Smelling success: better air fresheners among new provisional patents from college\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wick-based air fresheners and insect repellents are multi-billion-dollar markets, and yet the products could work better: Their effects often fade before the liquid within them is depleted. 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