{"id":9359,"date":"2026-01-16T11:02:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T17:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/biology\/?page_id=9359"},"modified":"2026-03-09T10:39:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T15:39:38","slug":"all-undergraduate-courses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/biology\/students\/undergraduate\/all-undergraduate-courses\/","title":{"rendered":"All Undergraduate Courses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"default\">This is a list of all courses offered in the program. Visit the&nbsp;<a href=\".\/upcoming-undergraduate-courses\">Upcoming Courses page<\/a>&nbsp;for a list of courses offered for the current and next semester (when available).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\ndd { \n margin-left: 30px;\n  margin-top: 0px;\n\tmargin-bottom: 0px;\n}\n\t\n\tdt {\n\t\tmargin-top: 25px;\n\t}\n<\/style>\n\n<dl><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0100 Animals!<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Introduction to the diversity of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, focusing on their identifying features and natural history.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 2 hrs lab. Does not carry cr toward bio sci major.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0101 General Survey of Microbiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>The nature and activities of microorganisms, including surveys of bacteria, fungi, viruses, immunology, and disease applications. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>Chem 101(P) or 102(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Intended primarily for nursing students. Does not carry cr toward bio sci major.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0102 How Life Works<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Organization and function of living systems.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 2 hrs lab. Intended for non-majors; does not carry credit towards biological sciences major.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0103 Topics in Modern Biology:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>How biological factors, processes, and reactions affect living systems. Emphasis on current issues in biology such as genetic engineering, bioethics, and population concerns.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none, except as may be required for specific topics.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Intended for non-majors; does not carry cr toward bio sci major. May be retaken w\/chg in topic to 9 cr max. Students w\/cr in Bio Sci 226 or 250 may not take 103 w\/those topics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0104 Plants in Today's World<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Introduction to major plant groups; principles of structure and function, ecology, and gardening. 2 hrs lec, 2 hrs lab.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150 Foundations of Biological Sciences I<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Fundamental principles of biology (ecology, evolution, genetics, molecular and cell biology) integrated through evolutionary framework. First of two-course sequence for bio sci, other science majors. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab. Open to freshmen.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152 Foundations of Biological Sciences II<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Organismal diversity, emphasizing structural and functional relationships in microorganisms, plants, and animals.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150(P) and concurrent enrollment in CHEM\u00a0100 or CHEM\u00a0102.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Second of a two-course sequence for Biological Sciences and other natural science majors. 3 hr lec, 3 hr lab.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Summer 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0194 First-Year Seminar:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>The specific topics are announced in the Schedule of Classes each time the class is offered.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Open only to freshmen. Students may earn cr in just one L&S First-Year Sem (course numbers 192, 193, 194).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2015, Fall 2014, Fall 2012, Fall 2009.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0201 Human Structure and Function<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Brief introduction to human anatomy and physiology.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>Satisfaction of QL-A.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>QLB, NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec; 3 hrs lab. No credit toward Bio Sci major. Does not substitute for BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0202 and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0203 for Nursing or Health Science. No credit for students with credit in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0202 or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0203.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0202 Anatomy and Physiology I<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Anatomy and physiology of the human body including cell, tissues, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab. Required for students in nursing, med tech and med rec admin. Cannot be combined with BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150 and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0203 for more than 9 cr toward the biological sciences major.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Summer 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0203 Anatomy and Physiology II<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Anatomy and physiology of the human body including cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive systems. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>C or better in either Bio Sci 202(P) or 315(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS+<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cannot be combined with Bio Sci 150 & 202 for more than a total of 9 cr toward bio sci major. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Summer 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0206 Biology of Women<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>An anatomical and physiological view of the human female life cycle with emphasis on women's health.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0210 Introduction to Fermentation Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Principles and microbiology of fermentation in the production of food and beverages.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0289 Internship in Biological Sciences, Lower Division<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-6 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Application of basic principles of biological sciences in a business, organizational, educational, political, or other appropriate setting.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>introductory course in BIO SCI; 2.25 GPA, and consent of supervising faculty member.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Specific topics may satisfy major area req; consult dept.  One cr earned for academic work based on 40 hrs in internship. May be retaken to 6 cr max; combined limit of 3 cr in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0289 and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0489 counts toward Biological Sciences major.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2016, Fall 2015, Summer 2015, Fall 2010.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0290 Independent Study and Research:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Directed library or laboratory\/field research in biological sciences.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>2.5 gpa; writ cons instr, dept chair, & asst dean for SAS.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Specific topics may satisfy major area req; consult dept. May be retaken to 6 cr max. Does not count as a Bio Sci lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2020, Fall 2019, Summer 2019, Fall 2018.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0296 UROP Apprenticeship<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Undergraduate research participation in a project developed with a supervising member of the faculty or staff.  One credit for 45 hrs research.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>acceptance to UROP; prior or conc reg in UROP seminar.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken to 9 cr max in any combination of UROP Apprenticeship courses. Not open to jrs and srs.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2019, Spring 2016, Spring 2014, Fall 2013.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0297 Study Abroad:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-12 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Designed to enroll students in 51ÁÔÆæ-sponsored program before course work level, content, and credits are determined and\/or in specially-prepared program course work.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>acceptance for Study Abroad Program.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2024, UWinteriM 2024, Fall 2013.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0299 Ad Hoc:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-6 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Course created expressly for offering in a specified enrollment period. Requires only dept & assoc dean approval. In exceptional circumstances, can be offered in one add'l sem.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>none; add'l prereqs may be assigned to specific topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Specific topics may satisfy major area req; consult dept.  May be retaken w\/chg in topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>UWinteriM 2012, Spring 2003, Fall 2000, Fall 1995.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310 General Ecology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Complex interrelationships between organisms and their environment. Physiological and behavioral adaptations, populations, biotic communities, ecosystems. 3 hrs lec, 3 hrs lab, field work.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315 Cell Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Cell structure and function at the molecular level. Flow of material, energy, and information within prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and CHEM\u00a0104(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Summer 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316 Laboratory in Genetics and Cell Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Laboratory studies in genetics and cell biology using microorganisms, plants, and animals. Hypothesis testing, data collection, computer and literature analyses, and writing of scientific papers.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or higher in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and CHEM\u00a0104(P); BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(C) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(C); or graduate standing; or special student.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>1 hr dis, 3 hr lab. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325 Genetics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Principles of inheritance. Fundamental concepts of genetics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or higher in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150(P); and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0203(P); and either concurrent registration or a grade of C or higher in CHEM\u00a0104.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec, 2 hrs dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0335 Mammalian Reproductive Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Anatomical and physiological aspects of mammalian reproductive systems, emphasis on humans.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing; BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or consent of instructor.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0356 Developmental Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Development of living organisms at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2023, Fall 2022, Fall 2021, Fall 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0358 Birds of Wisconsin<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Bird taxonomy and ecology, including the identification of Wisconsin birds.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>4 hrs lab & field work. Field trip schedules (if any) and fees will be announced in class.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2022, Spring 2019, Spring 2017, Spring 2016.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0370 Mammalian Physiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Cellular and organ system physiology and comparative aspects of structure-function relationships.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022, Fall 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0380 Honors Seminar:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Selected topics in modern and traditional biology and their relation to society.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>sophomore standing, HONORS\u00a0200(P), and consent of Honors College director.<\/dd><dd><strong>General Education Requirements: <\/strong>NS<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Specific topics may satisfy major area requirements; consult department. May be retaken with change in topic to 9 cr max.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022, Spring 2019, Spring 2018, Spring 2017.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383 General Microbiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Nature and properties of microorganisms. Molecular biology and genetics of bacteria and viruses. Major groups, ecological relationships, and taxonomy.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P); BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(C) or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec, 4 hrs lab. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0401 Immunology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Fundamentals of the immune response, including cellular, physiological and molecular aspects.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing or greater, and a grade of C or greater in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and CHEM\u00a0341(P) or CHEM\u00a0343(P); or graduate standing; or special student.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0401G Immunology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Fundamentals of the immune response, including cellular, physiological and molecular aspects.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing or greater, and a grade of C or greater in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and CHEM\u00a0341(P) or CHEM\u00a0343(P); or graduate standing; or special student.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0405 General Virology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Basic course in nature of viruses: bacterial, plant, and animal. The use of viruses in model systems for molecular biology and agents of disease.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); CHEM\u00a0501(R).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2021, Fall 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0405G General Virology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Basic course in nature of viruses: bacterial, plant, and animal. The use of viruses in model systems for molecular biology and agents of disease.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); CHEM\u00a0501(R).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2021, Fall 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0406 Marine Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Marine biology with a strong ecological focus; physical and chemical constraints that marine environments impose on organisms; specialized adaptations of marine organisms in response. 3 hrs lec, 1 hr dis.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(C); or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0406G Marine Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Marine biology with a strong ecological focus; physical and chemical constraints that marine environments impose on organisms; specialized adaptations of marine organisms in response. 3 hrs lec, 1 hr dis.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(C); or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0440 Ecology and Evolution of Amphibians and Reptiles<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Evolutionary history of amphibians and reptiles; their patterns of biological diversity, morphology, life history, ecology, and behavior.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0440G Ecology and Evolution of Amphibians and Reptiles<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Evolutionary history of amphibians and reptiles; their patterns of biological diversity, morphology, life history, ecology, and behavior.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0451 Field Methods in Conservation<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Introduction to methods, techniques and tools for natural area management, including plant\/animal surveys, vegetation\/habitat description, and incorporating hands-on experience.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or equivalent; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hr lec, 3 hrs lab. BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0451 and CES\u00a0451 are jointly offered and count as repeats of one another.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0451G Field Methods in Conservation<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Introduction to methods, techniques and tools for natural area management, including plant\/animal surveys, vegetation\/habitat description, and incorporating hands-on experience.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or equivalent; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hr lec, 3 hrs lab. BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0451 and CES\u00a0451 are jointly offered and count as repeats of one another.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0455 Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Nervous systems from cellular, molecular, and developmental perspectives; from basic biophysical properties of neurons to cellular and molecular basis of nervous system development and function.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Not open to students with credit BIO SCI 354 or PSYCH 354. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0455G Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Nervous systems from cellular, molecular, and developmental perspectives; from basic biophysical properties of neurons to cellular and molecular basis of nervous system development and function.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Not open to students with credit BIO SCI 354 or PSYCH 354. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0458 Community Ecology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Theories and models in community ecology.  Analysis of biological communities emphasizing the origin, maintenance and consequences of species diversity within local communities.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2018, Fall 2013.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0458G Community Ecology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Theories and models in community ecology.  Analysis of biological communities emphasizing the origin, maintenance and consequences of species diversity within local communities.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2018, Fall 2013.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465 Biostatistics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Simple distribution; statistical inference; simple regression theory; experimental design; analysis of variance and covariance as they relate to biology.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150(P), and MATH\u00a0105(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465G Biostatistics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Simple distribution; statistical inference; simple regression theory; experimental design; analysis of variance and covariance as they relate to biology.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0150(P), and MATH\u00a0105(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0469 Genomic Data Analysis<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Methods for the analysis of large-scale genomic data sets, including whole-genome association studies and transcriptomics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465(P) or equivalents; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0469G Genomic Data Analysis<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Methods for the analysis of large-scale genomic data sets, including whole-genome association studies and transcriptomics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465(P) or equivalents; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0480 Ecological Genetics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among populations. Fundamental theory and application to ecology and conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or greater in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec\/dis.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0480G Ecological Genetics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among populations. Fundamental theory and application to ecology and conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or greater in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec\/dis.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0489 Internship in Biological Sciences, Upper Division<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-6 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Application of advanced principles of biological sciences in a business, organizational, educational, political, or other appropriate setting.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, completion of at least one 300-level or above course in BIO SCI, 2.50 GPA, and consent of supervising faculty member.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>One cr earned for academic work based on 40 hrs in internship. May be retaken to 6 cr max; combined limit of 3 cr in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0289 and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0489 counts toward Biological Sciences major. Specific topics may satisfy major area requirements; consult department.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2025, Summer 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0490 Molecular Genetics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular mechanisms of higher organisms and model systems. Topics include gene structure, genetic and genomic analysis, gene expression and regulation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0490G Molecular Genetics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular mechanisms of higher organisms and model systems. Topics include gene structure, genetic and genomic analysis, gene expression and regulation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0495 Internship in Biotechnology, Upper Division<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3-6 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Application of advanced principles in microbiology and biotechnology in appropriate settings.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing in microbiology major, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0529(P), 2.5 GPA, and consent of supervising faculty member.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>One cr earned for academic work based on 40 hrs in internship. May be retaken to 6 cr max.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2017, Fall 2016.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0496 UROP Apprenticeship, Upper-Level<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Undergraduate research participation in a project developed with a supervising member of the faculty or staff.  One credit for 45 hrs research.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and acceptance to UROP, or prior or concurrent registration in UROP seminar.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken to 9 cr max in any combination of UROP apprenticeship courses.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2019, Spring 2017, Fall 2016, Fall 2015.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0497 Study Abroad:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-12 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Designed to enroll students in 51ÁÔÆæ-sponsored program before course work level, content, and credits are determined and\/or in specially-prepared program course work.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and acceptance for Study Abroad Program.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2016, Fall 2014.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0497G Study Abroad:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-12 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Designed to enroll students in 51ÁÔÆæ-sponsored program before course work level, content, and credits are determined and\/or in specially-prepared program course work.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and acceptance for Study Abroad Program.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2016, Fall 2014.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0498 Genetics of Development and Cancer<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>The genetic mechanisms governing animal development, cellular proliferation, and cellular death. Focus on how these cellular processes are investigated using experimental biology and human cancers.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0498G Genetics of Development and Cancer<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>The genetic mechanisms governing animal development, cellular proliferation, and cellular death. Focus on how these cellular processes are investigated using experimental biology and human cancers.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0499 Ad Hoc:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-6 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Course created expressly for offering in a specified enrollment period. Requires department and associate dean approval. In exceptional circumstances, can be offered in one additional semester.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing; additional prerequisites may be assigned to specific topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Specific topics may satisfy major area requirements; consult department. May be retaken with change in topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2003, Summer 2000, Summer 1996, Summer 1992.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0500 Plant Physiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Major biological activities of plants; including growth, development, and metabolism.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or consent of instructor; or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec\/dis. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0500G Plant Physiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Major biological activities of plants; including growth, development, and metabolism.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or consent of instructor; or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec\/dis. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0501 Plant and Aquatic Ecophysiology Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Hands-on examination of ecophysiological activities in plants and aquatic ecosystems using diverse field and lab experimental methods.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>1 hr lec, 1 hr dis. 2 hrs lab. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0501G Plant and Aquatic Ecophysiology Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Hands-on examination of ecophysiological activities in plants and aquatic ecosystems using diverse field and lab experimental methods.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>1 hr lec, 1 hr dis. 2 hrs lab. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0502 Introduction to Programming and Modeling in Ecology and Evolution<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Using R statistical language to teach script programming to address data manipulation, statistical modeling, and simple simulations in an ecological and evolutionary context.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and an introductory statistics course (e.g., BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465(P)).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Counts as repeat of BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0599 with similar topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0502G Introduction to Programming and Modeling in Ecology and Evolution<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Using R statistical language to teach script programming to address data manipulation, statistical modeling, and simple simulations in an ecological and evolutionary context.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and an introductory statistics course (e.g., BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0465(P)).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Counts as repeat of BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0599 with similar topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0505 Conservation Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Genetic and ecological approaches to the conservation of biological diversity. Topics include biology of rare plants and animals, design of nature reserves, and restoration ecology. 3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0505G Conservation Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Genetic and ecological approaches to the conservation of biological diversity. Topics include biology of rare plants and animals, design of nature reserves, and restoration ecology. 3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0512 Limnology I<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>The ecology of freshwater ecosystems as influenced by physical and chemical processes.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing or greater and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P), or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing; or special student.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0512G Limnology I<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>The ecology of freshwater ecosystems as influenced by physical and chemical processes.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing or greater and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P), or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing; or special student.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0523 Evolution and Ecology of Birds<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Study of the origin and maintenance of diversity in birds. Topics include systematics, biogeography, life-history behavior, and conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0523G Evolution and Ecology of Birds<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Study of the origin and maintenance of diversity in birds. Topics include systematics, biogeography, life-history behavior, and conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0529 Molecular Biology of Microorganisms<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular analysis of microbial genetic systems of bacteria, phage, fungi, and yeast.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0529G Molecular Biology of Microorganisms<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular analysis of microbial genetic systems of bacteria, phage, fungi, and yeast.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0532 Behavioral Ecology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Behavioral adaptations of organisms in relation to their environment, including social organization, territoriality, cooperation and conflict, parental care, breeding strategies, foraging.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0532G Behavioral Ecology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Behavioral adaptations of organisms in relation to their environment, including social organization, territoriality, cooperation and conflict, parental care, breeding strategies, foraging.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0535 Bacterial Pathogenesis<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Structural and physiological characteristics of important bacteria causing human and animal diseases. Interactions between pathogen and host, including host defense mechanisms.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021, Spring 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0539 Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular biological techniques, including cell cultures, RNA and DNA isolation, cloning and sequencing of genes; use of expression vectors; protein electrophoresis.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec\/dis, 6 hrs lab. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022, Fall 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0540 Microbial Diversity and Physiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Physiology, ecology, and diversity of microorganisms.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0540G Microbial Diversity and Physiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Physiology, ecology, and diversity of microorganisms.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542 Biological Electron Microscopy<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Theory, design, and operating principles of scanning and transmission electron microscopes; preparation of biological specimens.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542G Biological Electron Microscopy<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Theory, design, and operating principles of scanning and transmission electron microscopes; preparation of biological specimens.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0543 Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Laboratory and discussion with an emphasis on 'hands-on' exercises including biological specimen prep, microscope operation, and photography.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0543G Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Laboratory and discussion with an emphasis on 'hands-on' exercises including biological specimen prep, microscope operation, and photography.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0544 Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Laboratory and discussion with an emphasis on 'hands-on' exercises including fixation and sectioning of biological specimens, microscope operation, and photography.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0544G Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Laboratory and discussion with an emphasis on 'hands-on' exercises including fixation and sectioning of biological specimens, microscope operation, and photography.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0542(P); or graduate standing; or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0562 Topics in Field Biology:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Intensive mini-course on applied and basic field biology topics, e.g. vegetation sampling; natural area management; wetland delineation; identification, ecology of a taxon.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or equivalent; additional prerequisites may be required depending on topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic to 6 cr max. Online component; 2 or more days (depending on topic) in-person instruction.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2022, Summer 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0562G Topics in Field Biology:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Intensive mini-course on applied and basic field biology topics, e.g. vegetation sampling; natural area management; wetland delineation; identification, ecology of a taxon.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or equivalent; additional prerequisites may be required depending on topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic to 6 cr max. Online component; 2 or more days (depending on topic) in-person instruction.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Summer 2022, Summer 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0564 Endocrinology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic aspects of hormonal communication; emphasis on vertebrates.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), and one of the following: CHEM\u00a0103(P), CHEM\u00a0341(P), or CHEM\u00a0341(P); or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0564G Endocrinology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic aspects of hormonal communication; emphasis on vertebrates.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), and one of the following: CHEM\u00a0103(P), CHEM\u00a0341(P), or CHEM\u00a0341(P); or consent of instructor.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec. Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2020.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0565 Gene Regulation in Stem Cells and Regeneration<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular mechanism by which genes are regulated in higher eukaryotes, including humans. Role of gene regulation during normal development and disease in eukaryotes.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2019, Fall 2017.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0565G Gene Regulation in Stem Cells and Regeneration<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Molecular mechanism by which genes are regulated in higher eukaryotes, including humans. Role of gene regulation during normal development and disease in eukaryotes.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2019, Fall 2017.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0566 Cell Biology of Human Disease<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Cellular and molecular mechanisms of human developmental diseases; cell signaling in the treatment and prevention of diseases and genetic syndromes.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>Cell & Molec Bio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0572 Functional Genomics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Organization, function, and analysis of genes, proteins, and genomes using internet databases and bioinformatic tools; current knowledge of genomes in various organisms; transcriptomics and proteomics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0572G Functional Genomics<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Organization, function, and analysis of genes, proteins, and genomes using internet databases and bioinformatic tools; current knowledge of genomes in various organisms; transcriptomics and proteomics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 1 hr dis. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0575 Evolutionary Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Evolutionary processes in natural populations. Topics include mating patterns, speciation, gene flow, natural selection, and genetic approaches to conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0575G Evolutionary Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Evolutionary processes in natural populations. Topics include mating patterns, speciation, gene flow, natural selection, and genetic approaches to conservation.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0152(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); or graduate standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>3 hrs lec.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0580 Experimental Microbiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>4 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Modern experimental approaches to study of microbial physiology and genetics.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>2 hrs lec, 6 hrs lab. Cell & Molec Bio; Microbio.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0599 Special Topics in Biological Sciences:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>In-depth examination of important subjects in one or more areas of the biological sciences. Specific credits and additional prerequisites announced in Schedule of Classes each time course offered.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic to 9 cr max.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2016.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0599G Special Topics in Biological Sciences:<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>In-depth examination of important subjects in one or more areas of the biological sciences. Specific credits and additional prerequisites announced in Schedule of Classes each time course offered.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken with change in topic to 9 cr max.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2016.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0611 Seminar on Recent Advances in Limnology and Oceanography<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Lectures and discussion of current issues in limnology and oceanography; focus on a specific issue or research topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>senior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P), and one of the following: BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316(P), or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May not be retaken for credit.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0611G Seminar on Recent Advances in Limnology and Oceanography<\/strong><\/dt><dd>2 cr. Undergraduate\/Graduate.<\/dd><dd>Lectures and discussion of current issues in limnology and oceanography; focus on a specific issue or research topic.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>senior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P), and one of the following: BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316(P), or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May not be retaken for credit.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0670 Senior Seminar in Biological Sciences<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Examination of biological literature and preparation, presentation, and discussion of oral reports by individual students.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>senior standing in biological sciences major and completion of a 300-349 BIO SCI lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0671 Undergraduate Seminar in Microbiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Examination of microbiological literature; preparation, presentation, and discussion of oral reports by individual students.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>senior standing and a grade C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0672 Undergraduate Seminar in Cell and Molecular Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Examination of cell and molecular biology literature; preparation, presentation, and discussion of oral reports by individual students.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>senior standing or greater and a grade of C or better in BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P).<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0695 Independent Study in Freshwater Sciences for Biological Sciences Students<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Independent and original research on a topic not available as a regular course; conducted under the direction of faculty or staff scientist from the School of Freshwater Science.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P), one of the following: BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316(P), or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P); 2.50 GPA, and written consent of instructor, department chair, and assistant dean for student academic services.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0695 and FRSHWTR\u00a0695 are jointly offered and count as repeats of one another. May be retaken to 6 cr max. Does not count as a biological sciences lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2022, Fall 2021, Spring 2019, Fall 2017.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0697 Independent Study in Cell and Molecular Biology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Independent and original research conducted under the direction of a cell\/molecular biology faculty or staff member.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P), BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316(P), 2.5 GPA, and written consent of instructor, department chair, and assistant dean for student academic services.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken to 6 cr max. Does not count as a biological sciences lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0698 Independent Study in Microbiology<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Introduction to research. Independent and original study conducted under the direction of a faculty or staff member.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing, BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0383(P), 2.5 GPA, and written consent of instructor, department chair, and assistant dean for student academic services<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken to 6 cr max. Does not count as a biological sciences lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022.<\/dd><\/dd><dt><strong>BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0699 Independent Study<\/strong><\/dt><dd>1-3 cr. Undergraduate.<\/dd><dd>Independent study on a topic not available as a regular course; conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. Requires submission of a formal study proposal.<\/dd><dd><strong>Prerequisites: <\/strong>junior standing and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0325(P); BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0310(P) or BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0315(P) and BIO\u00a0SCI\u00a0316(P); 2.5 GPA, and written consent of instructor, department chair, and assistant dean for student academic services.<\/dd><dd><strong>Course Rules: <\/strong>May be retaken to 6 cr max. Does not count as a biological sciences lab course.<\/dd><dd><strong>Last Taught: <\/strong>Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023.<\/dd><\/dd><\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a list of all courses offered in the program. Visit the&nbsp;Upcoming Courses page&nbsp;for a list of courses offered for the current and next semester (when available).&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1272,"featured_media":9235,"parent":8683,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"class_list":["post-9359","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Biological Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/biology\/students\/undergraduate\/all-undergraduate-courses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"All Undergraduate Courses\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is a list of all courses offered in the program. 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