  {"id":4029,"date":"2024-07-27T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/?p=4029"},"modified":"2025-07-29T11:52:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T16:52:58","slug":"document-historic-castle-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/document-historic-castle-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Historic Preservation students use technology to document historic castle in England"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"lead-in\">About fifty miles south of London, on a stately 600 acres in the southern English countryside, sits the quintessential medieval castle\u2014turrets, moat, and all. Built in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England, is one of England\u2019s oldest brick buildings and the home of Bader College, the British campus of Queen\u2019s University. It is a cultural, historical, and archeological treasure. With six centuries\u2019 worth of accumulated history, and as a uniquely English example of Brick Gothic architecture, it is paramount that it be thoroughly and properly documented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bader Philanthropies, a partner and benefactor of both UW-Milwaukee and Queens University, invited the Historic Preservation Institute and its range of scanning expertise and state-of-the-art equipment to study advanced documentation at the castle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To digitally recreate and store these features and spaces, the 51ÁÔÆæ\u2019s study abroad team brought a variety of LiDAR scanners. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanning measures the way laser points reflect and deform upon hitting a surface to measure the object\u2019s shape and location in space. This data can be used to create two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) drawings and accompanying files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These files can be used for archival and analytical works and are useful for keeping a virtual record of a building, or for digitally and physically fabricating correct reconstructions of elements and structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having an \u201carchival copy\u201d of a building is important as a means of safeguarding its future\u2014this past year the castle was temporarily closed for structural stabilization and rehabilitation. A wider body of exact documentation acts as an added layer of backup for the physical footprint of artifacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visiting this past October, Associate Professor and HPI Director of Documentation William Krueger has already completed two hundred scans of the castle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBoth sides of the moat, the interior courtyard, the ground floor interior, and the basement foundation\u2014and this is just a start of what we\u2019re documenting, \u201d said Kreuger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using this initial data of the castle exterior and ground level, Teresa Klopp, a directed-study preservation student, has worked on transforming these point clouds into digital models and creating measured line drawings from these scans with the data collected. Building upon this initial documentation, students are capturing previously inaccessible parts of the castle, collecting data on the upper floors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"uwm-c-img--caption-gray\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_07-750x500-1.jpg\" alt=\"A student looks into the a device on a tripod.\" class=\"wp-image-3142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_07-750x500-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_07-750x500-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption>Felipe Paez-Gomez sets up a Faro 350-S Laser scanner<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading size-h3\" id=\"h-scales-of-scanning\"><strong>Scales of Scanning<\/strong>\u202f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three types of scanners are being brought along to collect data at three scales of detail. The FARO S350-3 is a terrestrial scanner with a range of 350 meters (1,150ft). It is capable of taking scans in rain, snow, and fog, day or night, and with high contrast shadows and colors. In a matter of minutes, it can scan large objects and can capture entire buildings with exquisite detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smaller objects and ornamental details are captured with handheld scanners such as the Artec Leo, which can capture and \u2018rebuild\u2019 objects at 80 frames per second and is accurate to 1\/10th of a millimeter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Students are also working with another means of scanning large buildings and grounds: drone capture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the castle is complex, it is merely part of a six-hundred-acre campus. Individual laser scans from a movable tripod have limitations. Drone scanning is fantastic for capturing large swaths of coverage and data inaccessible from scanner on the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using drones, students were able to quickly capture the site using photogrammetry\u2014a process by which thousands of photographs are digitally stitched together and cross-referenced to determine object geometry and scene depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"uwm-c-img--caption-gray\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_08-750x500-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two students wearing hard hats shine the light of a device onto a wall that is adorned with ornamental detail.\" class=\"wp-image-3143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_08-750x500-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/695\/2025\/07\/2025.SARUP_Website_Research_Centers-Institutes_HPI_Highlight-Slider_08-750x500-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption>Tan Saral and Patrick Groh hand-scan woodwork<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading size-h3\" id=\"h-ornament-and-details\"><strong>Ornament and Details\u202f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With the exterior scans mostly complete, HPI\u2019s focus will shift to the castle\u2019s interiors. Herstmonceux Castle contains many centuries\u2019 worth of artistic details, such as ornate wood carvings and stonework, its grand staircase, and its ballroom. Through 3D scans, small objects and ornaments can be replicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf there is something broken, we can reverse engineer it. If a rosette is missing, but there is another one in there, we can document it and copy it exactly,\u201d Krueger said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This year, students are primarily working on documenting the trove of data inside the castle. Krueger noted that with 600 acres of castle, formal gardens and preserve, there is plenty of work ahead. This inaugural documentation marks the start of a multi-year study abroad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For reference, the 25,000 square-foot former 51ÁÔÆæ Alumni House in Milwaukee required 80 scanning hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using data from these scans, students are able to complete precise 3D models and architectural documentation, creating a lasting record for archival and planning purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This scanning study abroad trip lasts the first three weeks of June. Opening up Herstmonceux as a 51ÁÔÆæ international travel opportunity, nine students and three faculty took part in this valuable summer research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-p-sm\">Story by Luke Koelsch &#8217;25 (MArch) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About fifty miles south of London, on a stately 600 acres in the southern English countryside, sits the quintessential medieval castle\u2014turrets, moat, and all. Built in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England, is one &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1517,"featured_media":4030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[39,36],"tags":[95,92],"class_list":["post-4029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture","category-student-stories","tag-general","tag-historic-preservation-institute"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>School of Architecture &amp; Urban Planning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/architecture\/document-historic-castle-2024\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historic Preservation students use technology to document historic castle in England\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"About fifty miles south of London, on a stately 600 acres in the southern English countryside, sits the quintessential medieval castle\u2014turrets, moat, and all. 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